Non-finite Clauses in Mayrinax Atayal: A view from Cartographic Approach

汶水泰雅語之非限定句研究: 以製圖理論分析

鄭惠文(Cheng, Hui Wen)

指導教授 ： 蔡維天

國立清華大學/人文社會學院/語言學研究所/碩士(2015年)

https://doi.org/10.6843/NTHU.2015.00328

摘要

根據最簡原則和製圖理論，本論文試圖研究苗栗縣泰安鄉泰雅語汶水方言之非限定句的句法結構。本論文主要有二個目的：第一，整理並將所有非限定句分類。第二，探討非限定句結構的句法衍生方式。本文前兩章為泰雅語汶水方言簡介以及文獻回顧。第三章介紹汶水方言之非限定句；第四章提供一些汶水方言的限定句語料，目的是為了和非限定句做比較；第五章提供非限定句的形式分析，同時建構汶水方言補語句結構的地形圖；第六章總結。

本論文根據六種不同的主要動詞類別來探討汶水泰雅語的非限定句：控制結構、目的子句、結構重整、直接感官動詞、難字結構、與心理動詞。所有的非限定句均以不同的連繫詞和主句連結，包括’i’、ru’、cu’、ku’。汶水泰雅語中，非限定句有兩個重要特色：第一，無獨立的主語，第二，無獨立時態；這兩個特色和其他語言的非限定句類似。非限定句也暗示原本二個連接的獨立子句慢慢合併為一個複雜句的過程。以Huang (1995a)與C.Wu (2013)的討論為基礎，並由不同的語法限制和語法測試發現這些非限定句體現為不同大小的句法結構，分別是CP、AspP、VoiceP與名物化的DP。

另一方面，在汶水泰雅語中，完整的限定句也以連繫詞和主句連結。有些連繫詞和引介非限定句的連繫詞同音，表示連繫詞能體現在句法結構的不同階層。此現象也暗指連繫詞語法化的過程。

關鍵字

汶水泰雅語 ； 非限定句 ； 連繫結構 ； 製圖理論

並列摘要

From the Minimalist Program (Chomsky 2001) and the Cartographic Approach (Rizzi 1997, Cinque 1999), the thesis attempts to investigate the syntax of various types of non-finite clauses in Mayrinax Atayal, an Austronesian language spoken in Northern Taiwan. The purpose of this study is twofold. First, it elicits and documents the data of non-finite and finite clauses. Second, it illustrates the derivations of various complement clauses. The first two chapters consist of a brief introduction for Mayrinax Atayal and the literature review. Chapter 3 is a discussion for non-finite in Mayrinax. Chapter 4 introduces some finite clauses in Mayrinax so as to compare with non-finite clauses. Chapter 5 gives formal analyses of non-finite clauses and cartography of clauses in Mayrinax. Chapter 6 is the conclusion.

According to different selections of the matrix predicate, including obligatory control, purpose, restructuring, direct perception, tough construction, and psycho-verbs, we examine diverse representations of Mayrinax non-finite clauses. We find that all non-finite clauses without exception have close relationship with linking constructions in Mayrinax Atayal (Huang 1995a, Liu 2011, C. Wu 2013). That is, non-finite clauses are all introduced by different linkers like ’i’, ru’, cu’, ku’. Non-finite complements show clause reduction (or union) with respect to the lack of independent subject and tense. Subject anaphoricity and tenselessness imply that the truncation occurs in syntactic realization. Different types of non-finite clauses demonstrate different sizes of complements such as CP, AspP, VoiceP, and nominalized DP.

On the other hand, we explore several types of finite clauses in Mayrinax Atayal so as to make a comparison with non-finite clauses. Some linkers heading finite clauses are homophonous to non-finite linkers, which indicates that linkers are multifunctional and they occupy different positions syntactically due to a grammaticalization process.

並列關鍵字

Mayrinax Atayal ； non-finite clauses ； linking construction ； the Cartographic Approach

參考文獻

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