具車輛至電網及電網至車輛操作功能蓄電池/超電容供電之切換式磁阻馬達驅動系統

A BATTERY/SUPERCAPACITOR POWERED EV SRM DRIVE WITH G2V/V2G FUNCTIONS

何致嘉(He, Jr Jia)

指導教授 ： 廖聰明

國立清華大學/電機資訊學院/電機工程學系/碩士(2015年)

摘要

本論文旨在開發一具電網至車輛、車輛至家庭和車輛至電網操作功能蓄電池/超電容供電之電動車三相開關式磁阻馬達驅動系統，所有的操作均利用馬達驅動系統中既有元件構成整合式電路實現。
所開發馬達驅動系統非對稱橋式轉換器之直流鏈，由蓄電池經一交錯式升壓直流/直流轉換器建立電壓。而超電容係以一雙向降升壓直流/直流轉換器介接至直流鏈，並經由二極體將超電容連接至蓄電池。此安排容許超電容有效地吸收再生煞車能量，當超電容電壓增加至某種程度時，可自動地對蓄電池充電。相反地，超電容可迅速地放電對馬達加速。在馬達驅動系統之控制改善方面，先由所提之電流控制機構增強線圈電流響應。其中，迴授控制輔以估測之反電動勢前饋控制及簡易強健追蹤誤差消除控制，並以動態換相移位降低高速下之反電動勢效應。至於速度控制迴路，亦予以適當設計以得良好之驅動性能，含加減速、反轉和再生煞車操作。另外，使用超電容之操作特性及優點亦由實測評估之。
車輛處於閒置狀態，電網可對車上蓄電池從事具功率因數校正之充電。為達此目的，建構多種功率因數校正切換式整流器集積電路，含單相全橋式升壓切換式整流器、單相無橋升壓切換式整流器和三相無橋不連續電流模式切換式整流器。切換式整流器後接一直流/直流降壓轉換器為主之充電器，以得良好充電性能。在車輛至家庭操作上，建構一單相三線式變頻器，由升壓之直流鏈電壓產出 110V/220V 60Hz 交流電源供給家電負載。採用差模及共模控制，在未知及非線性負載下，可得良好之輸出電壓波形。至於車輛至電網操作，車上蓄電池可經變頻器供給家電負載，多餘之能量可回送至電網。

關鍵字

開關式磁阻馬達 ； 電動車 ； 蓄電池 ； 超電容 ； 介面轉換器切換式整流器 ； 單相三線式變頻器 ； 再生煞車 ； 電網至車輛 ； 車輛至家庭 ； 車輛至電網

並列摘要

This thesis is mainly concerned with the development of a battery/supercapacitor powered electric vehicle (EV) three-phase switched-reluctance motor (SRM) drive having grid-to-vehicle (G2V), vehicle-to-home (V2H), and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) operation capabilities. All these operations are achieved with integrated schematics formed using the SRM drive embedded components.
In the developed asymmetric bridge converter fed SRM drive, its DC-link voltage is established from the battery via an interleaved boost DC/DC converter. While the super- capacitor (SC) is interfaced to the DC-link by an one-leg bidirectional buck/boost DC/DC converter. And the SC is linked to the battery through a diode. This arrangement allows the SC effectively absorbing the regenerative braking energy and automatically charging the battery as the SC voltage is increased to a certain value. Conversely, the SC can quickly discharge to assist the motor acceleration. Then the battery follows to support the motor driving operation. In SRM drive control improvement, the winding current response is enhanced by the proposed control scheme. Wherein, the feedback controller is augmented with an observed back electromotive force (EMF) feed-forward controller and a simple robust current tracking error cancellation controller (RCECC). Moreover, a dynamic commutation tuning (DCT) scheme is added to reduce the back-EMF effects under higher speeds. As to the speed control loop, it is also properly designed to yield satisfactory driving performances, including acceleration/deceleration, reversible and regenerative braking operations. The operating characteristics and the advantages of using SC are also evaluated experimentally.
In EV idle condition, its battery can be charged from the grid (G2V) with power factor correction (PFC). Several types of on-board PFC switch-mode rectifiers (SMRs) are formed. The integrated circuits of these SMRs include a single-phase H-bridge boost (SMR), a single-phase bridgeless boost SMR and a three-phase bridgeless discontinue current mode (DCM) SMR. All these SMRs are followed by a DC/DC buck converter based battery charger to yield good charging performance. In autonomous V2H operation, a single-phase three-wire (1P3W) inverter with boosted DC-link voltage (550V) from the battery (156V) via a DC/DC boost converter is formed to generate the 110V/220V 60Hz AC voltage outputs for powering domestic appliances. Good output voltage waveforms are generated under unknown and non-linear loads via applying differential mode (DM) and common mode (CM) controls. As to the grid-connected V2G operation, the inverter can power the domestic appliances, and the surplus energy can be sent back to the grid.

並列關鍵字

SRM ； EV ； battery ； supercapacitor ； interface converter SMR ； single-phase three-wire inverter ； regenerative braking ； grid-to-vehicle ； vehicle-to-home ； vehicle-to-grid

參考文獻

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