家族史觀下的程山學派

摘要　　清初理學因政治、經濟、社會、學術環境的變革，逐漸產生新的學術風向，傳統以講學為主的時代結束。本文的主角謝文洊歷經亡國、棄舉業、學佛，轉以陽明學為志業，並堅持講學活動，在與學者交流後，又回歸程朱學。爾後創立程山學派，成為明末清初江西南豐的講學領袖。針對謝文洊與程山學派的經營關係，筆者將從謝文洊出生背景、社會時況、學派大事、地理環境、教條與思想分析程山學派的興起、高鋒及最後因後繼無人走向沒落的命運。　　謝文洊與程山學派的發展，我們試著以家族史的觀點，探討一個地方學派的經營、資源、人脈、著作、祭祀等觀察程山家族如何從移民家族發展成南豐謝氏，又如何因謝文洊的文化產業發展成獨立的小宗派。謝鳴謙在整個程山謝氏扮演重要角色，透過其編寫支譜的過程，讓讀者認識家族如何在學派結束後，為謝文洊享祠、鄉賢祠及書院的崇祀投入多少心血，使謝文洊成為南豐理學歷史發展重要的人物。本書期盼從謝文洊與程山學派的發展，讓我們瞭解清初地方理學的發展情況；而學派與家族之間的互動，使地方學派運作模式有新的詮釋。

關鍵字

謝文洊；程山學派；理學；江西；家族

並列摘要

Abstract At the beginning of Qing Dynasty, due to the changes of politics, economy, society and academic environment, the Neo- Confucianism produced a new academic trend and the traditional lecture was over. The thesis focus on Xie-Wen-Jian(謝文洊), he experienced subjugation, failed to exam then he changed his ideology from Buddhism to the Wang-Yang-Ming school(陽明學) and insisted on lectures. After communicating with scholars, he finally returned to Cheng-Zhu Neo-Confucianism(程朱理學) then set up the Cheng-Shan school(程山學派), became a lecture leader in Nang-Feng County of Jiang-Xi Province (江西南豐) in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty. According to the relationship between Xie-Wen-Jian and the Cheng-Shan school, it tried to analyze the rise of Cheng-Shan school from the background of his birth, social conditions, school events, geographical environment, dogma and ideology. The school finally went down to the fate of declining because of no successors. This article explores the management, resources, personal networks, writings and sacrifices of a local school from the perspective of family history. It observed how the Nang-Feng Xies developed into the Cheng-Shan family from immigrants and how it developed into a lesser branch because of Xie-Wen-Jian's cultural industry. Xie-Ming-Qian(謝鳴謙) played an important role in Cheng-Shan Xies. Through the process of compiling his branch records, he helped readers understand how muh effort the family put into the sacrificial worship of the memorial shrine, Xiangxian Shrine and the academy after the school was over, making Xie-Wen-Jian become the important figure in the development of Nang-Feng Neo-Confucianism history. This work looks forward to the development of Xie-Wen-Jian and Cheng-Shan school so that we can understand the local Neo-Confucianism in the early Qing Dynasty. The interaction between the school and the family makes a new interpretation of the operation mode of local school.