臺灣閩南語的鼻元音和鼻化元音的氣流及聲學研究

本文旨在利用空氣動力學和聲學兩個層面，來探討臺灣閩南語中鼻元音以及鼻化元音的構音和聲學特性，並且與法語做跨語言的比較。因為閩南語和法語都有鼻元音和鼻化元音的對立，但在閩南語中，鼻元音出現的環境較受限。另外，雖然兩個語言中都有鼻元音，但閩南語語者在學習法語鼻元音時常會發生困難，所以本研究欲探討這兩個語言之間的異同之處。研究結果顯示，閩南語鼻元音較法語鼻化程度低，另外元音舌位高低和鼻化程度之間的關係為正相關，也就是舌位越高則鼻化程度越高。而聲母輔音和韻尾輔音均會影響元音的鼻化程度，並且可能與閩南語音韻系統中的鼻音分布有關。

關鍵字

閩南語；鼻元音；鼻化；氣流；聲學；法語

並列摘要

This research aims at systematically investigate the aerodynamic and acoustic aspects of nasal vowels and nasalized vowels in Taiwanese, a language that has a nasality contrast in its vowels but are subject to stricter restrictions on nasality distribution than French. Our results show that i) the onset consonantal effects on nasal anticipatory coarticulation are subtly different between the two languages; ii) in onset positions, aspirated stops and fricatives induce more nasal coarticulation, iii) coda [n] triggers the least anticipatory vowel nasalization in both languages, iv) the production of nasal vowels are generally the same and vowel height is positively correlated with nasalization in both languages, v) that French has more nasal airflow volume than Taiwanese does. Taken together, our results confirm that phonological patterning does have a bearing on phonetic implementation

並列關鍵字

Taiwanese ； Nasal vowel ； Nasalization ； Airflow ； Acoustic ； French

參考文獻

Wang, H. S. 2003. The nasality of voiced stops and vowels in Taiwan Min revisited. Journal of Taiwanese Languages and Literature 1:213-225.

洪惟仁. 2010. 台灣地區的語言分佈. 敲開語言的窗口：華語的使用現象（情況與調查）, 1-39: 聯營出版（馬）有限公司.

Ohala, John J. 1971. Monitoring Soft Palate Movements in Speech. In The 81st Meeting of The Acoustical Society of America. Washington, D.C.

Basset, P., A. Amelot, J. Vassière, and B. Roubeau. 2001. Nasal airflow in French spontaneous speech. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 31:87-99.

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臺灣閩南語的鼻元音和鼻化元音的氣流及聲學研究

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