中文虛擬態與主句現象的研究

本篇論文分成兩大部分。第一部分處理中文的虛擬態，目的在找出中文虛擬態補語子句可以出現的環境。我檢驗建議類動詞的補語子句與時態標記和模態詞之間的互動。如果我們採用Smith (1991)對於語法時態和辭彙時態的分類，那麼中文的虛擬態補語子句只允許辭彙時態標記。另外，如果我們從模態詞的角度來看，中文的虛擬態補語子句只允許義務性模態。論文的第二部分處理中文的主句現象。Haegeman (2012a, 2012b)指出從屬子句的行為和主要子句並不相同。主句似乎對一些句法運作有一些特權。例如主題化不能出現在部分從句內。他觀察英文和拉丁語系後發現：在英文的狀語子句內，狀語可前移，但是論文不行。另外一方面，拉丁語系的黏著語左移可以在狀語子句的左緣發生。根據Haegeman的觀察，中文的幾類從屬子句的長度是否較短。最後我利用製圖理論給出中文主要子句和從屬子句的結構。

關鍵字

虛擬態；主句現象；主題化；焦點化；說話者導向副詞

並列摘要

The body of this thesis is divided into two parts. The first part deals with subjunctive mood in Mandarin Chinese, whereby the environments in which subjunctive complement clauses occur are testified in indirect ways and are found to fall in a few categories. In addition, I examine how the complement clauses of desiderative predicates interact with aspects and modals. If we adopt Smith’s (1991) insight on grammatical aspects and lexical aspects, Mandarin allows only lexical aspects in a subjunctive complement clause. Moreover, if we view subjunctive complement clauses from a modality perspective, only deontic modality can occur in a subjunctive environment. I call it a desiderative-deontic effect. The second part tackles the main clause phenomenon (henceforth the MCP). Haegeman (2006a, 2010, 2011, 2012a, 2012b) (and some references therein) mentions that the behavior of subordinate clauses is different from root clauses. Main clauses seem to have some privilege in that a handful of syntactic patterns, such as topicalization, do not appear in subordinate clauses. She observes that there is a double asymmetry between English and Romance languages. In English, adjuncts can front to the left of adverbial clauses, while arguments cannot; clitic left dislocation (henceforth CLLD) in Romance languages is admitted in the left periphery of adverbial clauses. Based on Haegeman’s ideas, I investigate whether the length of some clause types in Mandarin is truncated and whether there is a distinction between central and peripheral adverbial clauses in the sense of Haegeman (2012a, 2012b). Moreover, I adopt the cartographic approach (Rizzi 1997, 2004; Cinque 1999) to show the structure of root and subordinate clauses in Chinese.

並列關鍵字

Subjunctive Mood ； Main Clause Phenomena ； Topicalization ； Focalization ； Speaker-Oriented Adverbs

參考文獻

Shyu, S-I. 1995. The Syntax of Focus and Topic in Mandarin Chinese. PhD Dissertation. University of Southern California.

Huang, C-T James. 1991. Remarks on the Status of Null Object. In Principle and Parameter in Generative Grammar. Robert Freidin (ed). Cambridge: MIT Press. 56-76.

Lin, Jo-wang. 2000. On the Temporal Meaning of the Verbal -le in Mandarin Chinese. Language and Linguistics 1.2: 109-133.

Hooper, J., Thompson, S. 1973. On the Applicability of Root Transformations. Linguistic Inquiry 4: 465-497.

Bennet, J. 1982. Even If. Linguistics and Philosophy 5: 403-418.

國際替代計量

中文虛擬態與主句現象的研究

全文下載

主題瀏覽