摘要 對於資源相對稀少的臺灣來說,如何擁有穩定的能源供應,一直是政府治國的首要考量。煤炭和石油兩者皆是初級能源,故本碩士論文將探討臺灣政府對煤礦業和石油業不同的管理方式,對臺灣能源產業所產生的影響。 一直以來臺灣的主要自產能源為煤炭,但臺灣煤炭受到地質條件不佳的影響,品質與產量相當受限。在戰後經濟發展的過程中,火力發電成為主要的發電型態,使得臺電成為臺灣最大的初級能源消費者。由於煤炭無法滿足臺電對燃料的需求,進口石油成為主要能源。在這轉變過程中,政府藉由中油與臺電這兩家國營企業,主導臺灣能源結構的形成。此外,本碩士論文亦討論石化業和能源供應的關聯。中油不只能滿足臺電的燃料需求外,亦可煉製輕油以作為發展石化業的基本原料。 最後,本碩士論文認為,政府在戰後掌握初級能源的供給,一方面是為了國家安全,另一方面也是為了主導臺灣工業化的發展。因此,放棄品質不佳,且產量有限的煤炭,以國營企業獨佔的方式經營石油業,不單確保臺電能夠充足供應工業化所需的電力,也能夠扶助民間石化業的發展,促進經濟發展。 關鍵詞: 煤炭、石油、能源、煤礦業、石油業、石化業、能源產業、臺電、中油
How to ensure a steady supply of primary energy, coal and petroleum, has been a serious issue for the government. The thesis discusses how it had established different institutions to dominate the coal and industries in Taiwan. In the nineteenth and first half of the twentieth century, coal was the major form of energy of Taiwan. Unfortunately, the island’s geological conditions limited the output and quality of coal. Its supply came under question in the 1960s and 70s when the coal-fired power plants of Taipower, the sole power provider in Taiwan, became the largest consumer of primary energy. Unavoidable, coal had to be replaced by oil. Furthermore, this thesis discusses the relationship between energy supply and the rise of the petrochemical industry in Taiwan. Not only did Chinese Petroleum Corporation, which has been monopolizing the oil industry in Taiwan, supply fuel to Taipower but also support development of the petrochemical industry by supplying naphtha as the basic material. Finally, this thesis argues that, for national security and industrialization, the government of Taiwan dominates the supply of primary energy to ensure a sufficient supply of electricity and liquid fuels by abandoning coal and establishing a state-owned petroleum enterprise to provide both fuels to the power plants and raw materials to the fledging petrochemical industry.