專利權本身係屬法律賦予排他專屬性之無體財產權,具有法定獨占權之性質,其存在意義係為達鼓勵人類創新,而保護因人類智慧所完成之結晶,進而可對於整體社會之發展、生活水準加以提昇,同時,競爭法所保護之法益在於維持市場之競爭秩序,諸如反獨占之濫用、禁止限制競爭及排除不公平競爭,並間接保護消費者利益;因此,一直以來,表面上看來不免有所「砥觸」的智慧財產權法與競爭法,彼此間的立場及產生的爭議,備受討論,本文中將透過介紹專利政策及競爭政策之關係,因應時代潮流不同而彼此優勢地位之消長,及專利制度相關介紹。 就專利集管授權方面,係因專利授權所引發產生之法律爭議最受注目,例如包裹授權、限制被授權人之銷售地域、對象或轉售價格等,而為增進效率,並節省多數分別授權之交易成本,專利集管(patent pools)授權為此問題提供了解決之道,因為其不僅免除了製造廠商須與多數專利權人分別協商並簽署各式授權契約、支付權利金、並只能預測最後應支付的權利金總額為多少的麻煩,而此時,該行為已涉及競爭法之規範領域,因此須同時討論智慧財產權法及競爭法之適用,因此將介紹美國及我國相關專利制度及競爭法規,包括美國一九九五年反托拉斯法智慧財產權授權行為準則,及我國公平法、公平會審理技術授權協議案件處理原則。 至二○○二年四月方落幕之CD-R飛利浦案,經主管機關公平會第一次作出處分書認定該行為涉及聯合行為,違反公平法,裁定處罰款各數百萬及命令應立即停止該違法行為,從中,有關專利授權之行為態樣適用於專利法及競爭法時,於國內引起廣泛的討論,其中所產生的衝突、爭議及不同見解,於學術界及產業界造成激盪。探討其中專利集管授權行為與公平法間觀念性之問題,包括專利集管授權是否即為競爭市場所不允許之聯合行為、運用專利之獨占性而生權利金與濫用獨占市場地位之疑義等,及對於公平會的角色扮演,其處分內容之適當性等。
This research mainly focuses on the relationship between competition and patent law and policy, exemplifying patent pool. It analyzes the regulations by introducing the differences between Taiwan and U.S.. Moreover, this research also examines the regulatory scheme of Taiwan system. The scheme of the discussion is divided into six chapters as follows: Part 1 illustrates the motivation, methods, limitations and realm of the research. Part 2 lays stress on the relationship and development of competition and patent law and policy of the U.S.. Part3 introduces the concept of patent, especially the patent pooling. Part 4 discusses the relationship between patent licensing and the related regulation of U.S. Part 5 demonstrates issues and the blinds spots of Taiwan’s regulatory in implementing the patent pooling in Taiwan. And discusses the famous case occurred in Taiwan. Part 6 concludes the former discussions of Patent Pool, and the suggestion in Taiwan’ regulatory scheme.