跨國企業內部知識移轉影響因素之研究

A Research of Influencing Factors on Internal Knowledge Transfer of Transnational Enterprises

王琴雅(Chin-Ya Wang)

指導教授 ： 李國瑜 ； 嚴奇峰

中原大學/商學院/企業管理研究所/碩士(2005年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200500575

摘要

跨國企業的母子公司間如何進行有效的知識移轉，成為其創造競爭優勢的重要議題。知識移轉不僅可以幫助企業獲得重要知識，更可以幫助企業進行內部學習與創新，透過有效的知識移轉更可以為企業創造競爭優勢。

研究者根據 Szulanski（1996）、Gupta & Govindarajan（2000）及Hansen（1999）等學者所提出之論點，推導出影響知識移轉之重要因素，並採用多重個案研究法，針對五個跨國企業之十七件內部知識移轉案例，與十位相關的經理人（知識移轉者與知識接受者）進行深度訪談，探討五年內發生的內部知識移轉案例。之後本研究推論出相關之研究命題，以提供跨國企業在進行內部知識移轉時，能依其所處環境，明瞭影響知識移轉績效的重要因素，以及移轉機制對於移轉因素與移轉績效之間關係的干擾。

透過相關文獻整理與個案研究，本研究彙整出跨國企業的內部知識移轉績效之影響因素及重要發現如下：
一、較重要影響因素－知識複雜程度（反向影響）、知識重要性（正向影響）、高層決策（正向影響）、移轉者意願（正向影響）、接受者意願（正向影響）、接受者能力（正向影響）。
二、重要影響因素－知識外顯程度（正向影響）、文化差異（反向影響）、移轉者能力（正向影響）、雙方合作關係（正向影響）。
三、移轉機制對於移轉因素與移轉績效之間的干擾程度大小依序為：人員移動（跨區移轉最常用），其次為技術分享與廠商互動，最後是策略連結（跨國移轉最常用）。
四、當知識移轉者與接受者間能力差距太大時，則須由中介方擔任兩階段知識移轉的橋樑。因此中介方同時具備移轉者與接受者的特性，亦即必須具備移轉與接受知識的意願、能力，且與知識來源及接受者有良好的合作關係，才能確保兩階段知識移轉的成功。值得一提的是台灣的公司經常扮演中介方，其主要原因是，過去曾長期擔任知識接受者角色，累積豐富的經驗，所以具備知識吸收、移轉並加以妥善運用的優勢。

由於過去文獻較少針對知識移轉之中介方進行探討，本研究之重要發現為中介方在跨國企業進行知識移轉扮演重要角色，尤其是跨國企業進入中國市場時，常利用同屬於華人文化的台灣公司或者香港公司，做為其進入廣大華人市場之橋樑或跳板。本研究建議後續研究者可以針此一議題進行深入研究，相信對於跨國企業在進入華人市場及進行知識移轉時會有非常大的助益。

關鍵字

知識移轉 ； 知識特性 ； 意願 ； 能力 ； 合作 ； 移轉機制 ； 移轉績效

並列摘要

It is an important issue how transnational enterprises can transfer internal knowledge effectively between subsidiaries and parent companies. Knowledge transfer not only can help enterprises to gain important knowledge but also can help on internal learning and innovation. Enterprises can create more competitive advantages through effective knowledge transferring.

According to the viewpoints of Szulanski (1996), Gupta & Govindarajan (2000) and Hansen (1999), the author reasoned important influencing factors on knowledge transfer. The author also adopted multiple cases study method to interview ten managers who have been the transferor or transferee in seventeen knowledge transfer cases of five transnational enterprises within the past five years. Afterward this research summarized propositions and provided as a reference to the transnational enterprises the important factors of internal knowledge transferring in different conditions and how transfer mechanism interfered the relationship between transfer factors and performance.

After studying of related literatures and cases, this research summarized the influencing factors and important research findings on internal knowledge transfer of transnational enterprises as below:
1. There are six very important influencing factors: the complexity of knowledge (negative influence), the importance of knowledge (positive influence), the decisions of high-level managers (positive influence), the willingness of transferor (positive influence), the willingness of transferee (positive influence) and ability of transferee (positive influence).
2. The other four important influencing factors are the explicit of knowledge (positive influence), the difference of culture (negative influence), the ability of transferor (positive influence) and relationship of collaboration (positive influence).
3. The sequence of amount of transfer mechanisms in interfering with knowledge transfer performance are personnel movement (especially for cases of cross region between Taiwan and China), technology sharing, JV-parent interactions and linkages between parent, and alliance strategies (especially for cases in transnational cases).
4. When there is a big gap of ability between transferor and transferee, there often exists a mediating company in two-stage knowledge transfer. Therefore, this mediating company has characteristics of transferor and transferee at the same time, such as enough willingness, ability and collaboration with knowledge source and transferee. Particularly, Taiwan companies often play a role as the bridge in transnational knowledge transfer. The main reason is they have been a transferee for a long time and had accumulated a lot of experiences and advantages in knowledge absorbing, transferring and performing.

The major contribution from these research findings is that the mediating companies often play a very important role on this two-stage transnational knowledge transfer. When transnational enterprises enter China market, they like to use Taiwan or Hong Kong companies to be a bridge or gangway. Because Taiwan and Hong Kong companies have same Chinese culture with China and know China market very well. This research suggests future researches can study this issue in depth. The author believes the results will be helpful for transnational enterprises in entering China market as well as transferring knowledge.

並列關鍵字

Transfer Mechanism ； Knowledge Transfer ； Willingness ； Knowledge Characteristics ； Collaboration ； Ability ； Transfer Performance

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