憂鬱症污名研究：可控制性歸因、危險與依賴刻板印象對歧視行為的影響

The Stigma of Depressive Disorder：The Influences of Controllability, Perceived Dangerousness, and Perceived Dependency on Public Discrimination

周志玉(Chih-Yu Chou)

指導教授 ： 譚偉象

中原大學/理學院/心理學研究所/碩士(2007年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/CYCU.2007.00008

摘要

摘要
本研究目的為建立一適用於憂鬱症污名形成歷程的模式，以助於了解現代社會憂鬱症受到污名化的現象。根據污名以及歸因理論，本研究欲檢測社會大眾秉持本身對於憂鬱症的了解，透過可控制性歸因、危險覺知、依賴覺知、負責任推論等認知評估過程，以及情緒反應、歧視行為（社會距離）等變項所構成的模式，是否可以適切解釋憂鬱症社會污名的形成。

以立意取樣廣收台灣地區各縣市703名成人進行研究，每位受試者均填寫憂鬱症了解程度問卷、憂鬱症態度量表以及流行病學研究中心憂鬱量表。

研究結果顯示，（1）「對他人造成危險」、「對自己造成危險」、「外在負責任推論」、「害怕情緒」以及「生氣情緒」等變項，與「社會距離」相關皆可達顯著。（2）以結構方程模式對於憂鬱症污名形成模式進行路徑分析，再進行數次修訂後可得一最佳模式。該模式顯示：「對他人造成危險」在透過情緒變項之後，影響社會距離的產生；「依賴覺知」在透過負責任推論與情緒影響後，引發社會距離；另一方面，「個人可控制性歸因」以及「外在可控制性歸因」也多透過負責任推論與情緒影響，引發社會距離。各變項多依循污名以及歸因理論預測歧視行為的發生。

本研究發現相較於憂鬱症了解程度，應更重視危險與依賴覺知以及可控制性歸因，因為刻板印象、歸因評估、負責任推論、情緒以及歧視行為所構成的憂鬱症污名形成模式是成立的；此外，對自己造成危險因子雖不能有效預測歧視行為，卻仍普遍存在一般民眾的印象當中；這些不全然正確的想法需要更正。

關鍵字

危險覺知 ； 污名 ； 歸因 ； 依賴覺知 ； 負責任推論 ； 可控制性 ； 憂鬱症 ； 社會距離 ； 歧視 ； 情緒

並列摘要

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to set up a suitable model of the formulation of stigma towards persons with Depressive Disorder, which is helpful for people to know how depression is stigmatized in the modern society. According to the stigma theory and the attribution theory, the present study wants to examine if, through the cognitive appraisal process involving Controllability, Perceived Dangerous, Perceived Dependency, and Judgment of Responsibility variables, affect responses, and discriminative behaviors(social distance), the model which contains people’s understanding about Depressive Disorder can be applied to explain the formulation of the social stigma toward persons with Depressive Disorder.

The sample consists of 703 adults recruited from several counties in Taiwan. Every participant was administered several inventories including the Questionnaire on the Degree of Understanding of Depressive Disorder, the Inventory on Attitudes to Depressive Disorder, and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale.

Results reveal that：（1）the variables such as ”Dangerousness to Others”, “Dangerousness to Themselves”, “External Responsibility”, “Fear”, and “Angry” significantly correlate with “Social Distance”. （2）After using Structural Equation Modeling to carry out a path analysis for the model of the formulation of social stigma toward persons with Depressive Disorder and with several modifications, we could get an optimum model. This optimum model reveals that ”Dangerousness to others” will influence “Social Distance” by means of the affect variable, that ”Perceived Dependency” will influence “Social Distance” by means of Judgment of Responsibility and the affect variable, and that, in most cases, ”Personal Controllability” and “External Controllability” will influence “Social Distance” by means of Judgment of Responsibility and the affect variable. The variables mostly depend on the stigma theory and the attribution theory to predict discriminative behaviors.

The present study discovers that we should pay much more attention to Perceived Dangerousness, Perceived Dependency, and Controllability than to the degree of understanding of Depressive Disorder. It is because the model of the formulation of the social stigma toward persons with Depressive Disorder which is made up of Controllability, Perceived Dangerous, Perceived Dependency, and Judgment of Responsibility variables, affect responses, and discriminative behaviors has been established. Besides, though “Dangerousness to Themselves” can not predict discriminative behaviors effectively, this idea exists generally. This partially incorrect stereotype should be corrected.

並列關鍵字

Attribution ； Controllability ； Stigma ； Perceived dangerousness ； Emotion ； Discrimination ； Social distance ； Depressive Disorder ； Perceived dependency ； Judgment of responsibility

參考文獻

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