大學生自殺意念之探討－絕望自殺理論相關變項的檢視與延伸

Exploration of Suicidal Ideation in College Students: An Extension and Examination of the Related Factors of Hopelessness Theory.

陳浩銘(Hao-Ming Chen)

指導教授 ： 譚偉象

中原大學/理學院/心理學研究所/碩士(2007年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200700063

摘要

本研究將與自殺有關的特質因素加入原有的絕望自殺理論之模式當中，來對於大學生的人格特質、一般性自我效能、負向歸因類型、絕望感、及自殺意念之間的關係提出一假設模式，並對其進行檢視，以澄清以下四項主要疑問：一、具有高神經質性、低外向性以及低一般性自我效能的個體，是否較傾向具有負向的歸因方式？二、絕望感是否確實如絕望自殺理論所述，是中介於憂鬱性歸因類型的三個歸因向度(內在性、穩定性、全面性)及自殺意念之間？三、絕望感在神經質性、外向性以及一般性自我效能與自殺意念的關係之間，是否扮演中介之角色？四、在對於負向生活事件的內在性歸因、穩定性歸因、以及全面性歸因當中，以哪一個歸因向度對於個體之絕望感及自殺意念有最佳之預測力？

本研究的研究對象為中原大學的學生，總樣本數為538名。研究工具為：貝克自殺意念量表、貝克絕望感量表、艾森克人格問卷、歸因類型量表、以及一般性自我效能量表等五份量表。以皮爾森積差相關分析、簡單回歸分析、結構方程模式(SEM)等統計分析技術來對變項間的關係進行考驗。

研究結果顯示，本研究提出的假設模式只能得到部分支持。回應在研究目的當中欲澄清的四個問題：一、神經質性可正向預測負向生活事件的內在性歸因、穩定性歸因、及全面性歸因，一般性自我效能可負向預測穩定性歸因，而外向性則無法預測任一歸因向度。二、絕望感只中介於穩定性歸因與自殺意念之間，為完全中介效果。三、絕望感在一般性自我效能、外向性與自殺意念的關係當中，具有完全中介效果；在神經質性與自殺意念的關係當中，具有部分中介效果。四、負向歸因類型的三歸因向度，以穩定性歸因對絕望感及自殺意念的預測力最佳。

關鍵字

負向歸因類型 ； 自殺意念 ； 一般性自我效能 ； 外向性 ； 絕望感 ； 絕望自殺理論 ； 神經質性

並列摘要

This research adds the trait factors of suicidality to the original model of hopelessness theory of suicidality to pose a hypothetical model on the relations of college students’ personality traits, general self-efficacy, negative attributional style, hopelessness and suicidal ideation in order to examine and clarify the following inquiries. First, does an individual with high neuroticism, low extroversion and low general self-efficacy tend to have negative attributional style? Second, does hopelessness mediate the relation between the three attribution features (internal, stable, and global) of depressive attributional style and suicidal ideation as stated in the hopelessness theory of suicidality? Third, does hopelessness perform the role of a mediator between neuroticism, extroversion, general self-efficacy and suicidal ideation? Fourth, which of the internal, stable and global attribution features of negative life events is the best predictor of individual hopelessness and suicidal ideation?

Participants of this research were the students of Chung Yuan Christian University. The total sample was 538. The research instruments were: Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation, Beck Hopelessness Scale, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, Attributional Styles Questionnaire, and General Self-Efficacy Scale. The relationships between the variables were analyzed by statistics analysis such as Pearson product-moment correlation, simple regression, and structural equation modeling (SEM).

The results indicated that the hypothetical model this research posed was only partially supported. The four inquiries that the purpose of research wished to clarify were responded as follows. First, neuroticism was the positive predictor of the internal, stable and global attributions of negative life events, that general self-efficacy was the negative predictor of stable attribution, and that extroversion did not predict any of the attribution features. Second, hopelessness only mediated between stable attribution and suicidal ideation, with a full mediator effect. Third, hopelessness was a full mediator between general self-efficacy, extroversion and suicidal ideation, and a partial mediator between neuroticism and suicidal ideation. Fourth, on the three attribution features of negative attributional style, only the stable attribution was the best predictor of hopelessness and suicidal ideation.

並列關鍵字

hopelessness theory of suicidality ； neuroticism ； general self-efficacy ； suicidal ideation ； hopelessness ； extroversion ； negative attributional style

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