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  • 學位論文

台灣發展小型風力發電之成本效益分析

Cost-Benefit Analysis of Small Wind Power in Taiwan

指導教授 : 林師模 林晉勗

摘要


目前全世界各國對化石能源的使用約佔全球的能源需求的85%,且化石能源消耗後所排放出的溫室氣體,已造成全球氣候變遷。為確保人類經濟活動成長所需的穩定能源供應,同時達到保護環境的訴求,因此聯合國要求各個國家工業產業需減少污染排放量。台灣為一島嶼國家,四面環海,每年有一半以上的時間為東北季風期,風力資源豐富,然而不同地區的風速分配各有相同,將使得發電成本因地而異。相較於大型風機而言,小型風機的架設地點及場所更加彈性,在市區,公寓和社區大樓的頂樓皆可安裝,因此本研究將針對不同風場環境,評估不同風速下小型風力發電的成本效益。 研究結果發現,在人口較少的鄉鎮,10公尺高度的透天厝 (約3~4層樓高) 的頂樓便具安裝潛力,以1kW的裝置為例,發電成本多介於每kWh 2.5~3.5元之間,當安裝高度愈高時,風速也愈高,適合額定功率較高的風力機的安裝,如7.5~10kW,於屋前獨立以30公尺高的塔架裝設。然而雖然高度愈高,風速也愈快,但當風速大於風力機切出風速時,風機將不發電,如此反而使發電量降低提高發電成本。另外,在人口稠密的城市,多半在30m的高度時,才具有安裝潛力,這樣的高度相當於10層樓高社區大樓。在人口稠密都市的精華商業區部份,則因高樓大廈林立,需到50公尺高度時,才具備安裝潛力。

並列摘要


The usage of fossil-fuel energy is about 85 percent of energy demand around the world. Additionally, fossil-fuel energy will produce greenhouse gases which cause global warming and climate change. In order to make sure the energy supplies for economic activities are stable, which reach the demands in environment protection, the Union Nations requires all countries must reduce industrial pollution and emissions. Taiwan, an island country surrounded by sea experiences Northeast Monsoon more than six months each year, which give the island abundant wind resource. However, there will vary generation costs due to the same velocity distributions in different regions. In comparison with a larger turbine, the location of a small turbine would be more flexible. In urban areas, small turbines are able to be installed on the rooftop in apartments and community buildings. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the cost-effectiveness of small wind turbines in different wind farms. The results show that, in less population towns, the top floors of a 10 meters height house(around 3 to 4 levels) is potentially installed. 1kW device, for example, the average generation costs is about NTD$ 2.5 to 3.5 per kWh, and therefore, the higher installation height, the higher wind speed. It is even more suitable for the higher rate wind power turbine to independently install a 30 meters height high tower installation. Although, the higher height makes the faster wind power, when the wind speed is greater than the wind turbine cut-out speed, the fans will stop generating power. That will increase the average generation cost. In addition to that, in in densely population cities, the wind power turbines are potential in 30 meters height since they are height equivalent to 10 levels community buildings. In contrast with in densely populated business district zones, there will need to reach 50 meters height due to other high-rise buildings.

參考文獻


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