高中生酬賞敏感性格理論與攻擊行為的相關性研究

A study of relationships between revised reinforcement sensitivity theory and aggressive behavior in senior high school students

鄢若然(Ruo-Ran Yan)

指導教授 ： 洪福建

中原大學/理學院/心理學研究所/碩士(2011年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/CYCU.2011.00026

摘要

研究背景及目的 近幾十年來少年犯罪有暴力化及低齡化的傾向，違法少年具有發展成為更嚴重的職業罪犯的風險，且更可能經驗到心理健康的問題。違法行為中亦有許多牽涉青少年的攻擊行為，顯現研究青少年違法或攻擊行為的維持及發展因素的重要性。研究者回顧文獻，發現酬賞敏感理論之性格與攻擊行為的關連，研究結果仍無定論，因此研究者欲採用修訂酬賞敏感理論概念，探討反應性攻擊及自發性攻擊與青少年性格特質之關連，以期能更深入的瞭解不同攻擊行為青少年的性格特性，並提供未來青少年攻擊行為的預防與介入之參考。
研究方法 收案來源為台灣北區高中職學校，研究對象為十六至十八歲尚在就學之青少年，共有417位。首先以行為抑制與行為激發量表、正負向情感量表為效標，檢驗中文版Jackson-5酬賞敏感理論量表之效度。之後便以中文版Jackson-5酬賞敏感理論量表、正負向情感量表、攻擊行為評估量表，測量高中生之性格、情緒特質及反應性、自發性攻擊行為，並以此推估高中生性格、情緒及兩者交互作用，與反應性及自發性攻擊行為的關連。
研究結果 研究結果顯示「中文版Jackson-5修訂酬賞敏感理論量表」具有不錯的信效度。反應攻擊者，尤其是反應關係攻擊者，具低r-BAS，高r-BIS、Fight、Flight、Freeze；自發攻擊者僅與高Fight有關。外顯攻擊者具高Fight，關係攻擊者則與高Fight、r-BIS、Freeze有關。
結論 研究證實若同時考慮攻擊形式及功能，反應攻擊者具低度r-BAS激發，高r-BIS、Fight、Flight、Freeze激發，自發攻擊者則具高Fight激發，但r-RST各系統與情緒交互作用預測攻擊行為之關係，仍須進一步研究的驗證。

關鍵字

反應性攻擊 ； 自發/工具性攻擊 ； 外顯攻擊 ； 修訂酬賞敏感理論 ； 關係攻擊

並列摘要

Background and purpose During last decades, juvenile delinquency has become violent and a higher occurrence of delinquency behavior in younger age groups. Such youth are at risk of developing more serious criminal careers, and are more likely to experience mental health problems. One of delinquency behavior is aggressive behavior, so we need to understand the factors that are related to the development and maintenance of aggressive behavior. On the basis of available research, the researcher found the relationship between personality of the Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory and aggressive behavior is not clear yet. The researcher would like to use revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory to assess personality differences and related to reactive and proactive aggression in adolescents, and hope we can better understand the personality of different aggressors and serve as a reference to prevention and intervention for aggressive behavior.
Method A group of 417 senior high school and vocational high school students were selected from northern Taiwan. The criterion-related validity of the Chinese Jackson-5 scales of revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory(Chinese Jackson-5) was assessed by the BAS/BIS scale and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. The researcher use the Chinese Jackson-5, the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule and Chinese aggressive scale to examine the relationship between personality, affect, reactive aggression and proactive aggression in high school students.
Results The result indicated that Chinese Jackson-5 had adequate reliability and validity. Reactive aggression, especially reactive relational aggression, is correlated to low r-BAS, high r-BIS, Fight, Flight and Freeze. Proactive/instrumental and overt aggression is correlated to high Fight. Relational aggression is correlated to high r-BIS, Fight and Freeze.
Discussion The finding suggested that if we consider the form and function of aggression, reactive aggression is correlated to low r-BAS, high r-BIS, Fight, Flight and Freeze. Proactive/instrumental aggression is correlated to high Fight. Nevertheless, more researches are needed to clear the interaction effect between r-RST systems and affect to predict to aggressive behavior.

並列關鍵字

revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory ； reactive aggression ； relational aggression ； overt aggression ； proactive/instrumental aggression

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