企業設置海外研發據點策略之研究─以台灣IC設計公司為例

The Strategy Research of Enterprises Setting up Overseas R&D Strongholds - IC Design House in Taiwan

黃育信(Yu-Hsin Huang)

指導教授 ： 嚴奇峰

中原大學/商學院/企業管理學系/碩士(2007年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200700823

摘要

台灣IC設計產業近年來面臨著國際分工和資源重新配置的議題，再加上需同時面對國際大廠與中國大陸、韓國等新興設計業者的雙面夾擊，使得台灣IC設計業者面臨前所未有的挑戰。
本研究觀察到台灣近年來，由於產業大量外移趨勢、高科技人才缺口、跨國專利侵權問題、人才取得管道減少等各種現象，面對全球化的競爭趨勢，台灣企業的競爭力日益下降，進而引發本研究之研究動機，本研究以台灣IC設計公司為研究個案之公司，並以設置海外研發據點為主題，利用半結構式問卷與個案公司深度訪談，探討出企業海外研發據點之主要設置動機，並依文獻探討據點之相關的設置策略，發展出據點之定位、策略角色、管理機制與據點地點之關係，藉此透過不同的角度去觀察實際的現象。
本研究發現「人力資源」與「市場需求」為設置海外研發據點最主要之動機，並且從訪談中發現台灣地區人才不足的現象，在IC設計產業更是明顯，在研發據點方面，個案公司全數皆已在中國大陸設置據點，中國大陸龐大的內需市場與人力資源，可以說是IC設計產業全球佈局的基本門檻，此外，近年來由於網路與多媒體應用發展潛力驚人，再加上中國大陸、印度等新興市場需求的興起，因此本研究發現個案公司在「研發焦點」上，全部皆鎖定在「應用研究」上。個案公司在據點之「規範整合」上皆有出色的表現，在「文化融合」與「資訊連結性」方面則以據點設置在美國者表現較佳，個案公司中海外研發據點重心設置在美國的聯發科技與矽統科技，其據點的一般性角色為「策略領導者」，而重心地處中國大陸的凌陽科技則為「黑洞」的角色，位於日本的聯詠科技與鈺創科技，則是屬於「執行者」的角色。
從本研究中發現的海外據點其策略角色令人值得深思，究竟應該是攻城掠地的「策略領導者」抑或只是追隨潮流的「執行者」？ IC設計公司如何能夠延續其成功跨過另一個成長的門檻，如何培養海外子公司的核心技術能力與自主產品開發能力，使能建立同時支援全球各地單位的能力，將是未來企業進軍全球市場的重要思考方向。

關鍵字

IC設計產業 ； 設置策略 ； 設置動機 ； 海外研發據點

並列摘要

Recently, the Taiwan integrated circuit IC design industry faces major issues about international division of labor and resource re-allocation. Therefore, the need to compete with foreign emerging design companies (or houses) makes Taiwan IC design industry confront unprecedented challenges.
The main reason of this study is that the competition of Taiwan IC design industry drops off gradually because of international competition, shortage of high-tech experts, IC design industry moving abroad, and the problem about tort of patents. Therefore, this study adopts depth-interview with semi-structured questionnaire to discover case companies’ motives why they set these overseas research strongholds. Moreover, this study also discusses the relation of setting strategies, strategic positions, strategic roles, management mechanisms, and locations of strongholds.
From research findings, human resources and the demand of markets are main motives to set overseas researching strongholds. It is also obvious that Taiwan IC design industry is deficient in high-tech experts through interviewing with case companies. Besides, all case companies have set strongholds in China because China has huge market demands and human resource. Moreover, all case companies concentrate on applied research in research focus because the market reveals well potential of applied development in internet and multimedia lately, and the demand of emerging markets rise such as China and India. All case companies are also outstanding in integrating norm of strongholds and perform better in setting overseas strongholds in USA in aspect of culture integration and information connection. For MediaTek incorporation and Silicon Integrated Systems, which set overseas strongholds in USA, their roles are the “Strategic Leader.” Sunplus Technology, which sets overseas strongholds in China, its role is the “Black Hole.” Whereas Novatek Microelectronics and Etron Technology, which set overseas strongholds in Japan, their roles are the “Implementer.”
In reality, it is worth to think deeply about the strategic role of setting an overseas stronghold. Is it on earth better to play “Strategic Leader” or “Implementer?” How does IC design industry last its success and pass another threshold? How does IC design industry train overseas subsidiaries to own the core technique competence and the ability of developing own product, and then to build the ability of supporting all business units all over the world? In a word, all above are of crucial important for IC design companies in Taiwan to develop their competitive strategies to move to the global market.
By researching via all viewpoints, hopefully this study can be a useful reference.

並列關鍵字

overseas research stronghold ； setting strategies ； IC design industry ； setting motivation

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