現代主義社會住宅的在地實踐：以高雄「福音新村」為例

The Practice of Social Housing Project in Taiwan Modernism: a case study of "Gospell Village" in Kaohsiung.

張馨文(Hsing-Wen Chang)

指導教授 ： 蔣雅君

中原大學/設計學院/建築研究所/碩士(2010年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu201000942

摘要

高雄「福音新村」乃全台唯一的白色蒙古包貧戶社區住宅群，為台灣重要的「社會住宅」發展案例。於1963年由衛理教會出資，外籍傳教士委由陳其寬建築師負責，漢寶德與華昌宜等共同合作規劃之充滿烏托邦救贖色彩的自治社區，也是前衛性思潮與低收入戶住宅的設計實踐。回顧台灣相關「社會住宅」的案例數量稀少，僅以政府提供的國宅有些討論，而如國外發展模式的「社會住宅」以私人財團為主導在台發展模式，在學術研究上幾乎難以看見。
本研究聚焦於1960-2005年代間歷經台灣整體都市化過程的劇烈變動，從戰後政治移民之居住安頓問題，以及教會組織的自治社區規劃，到70年代因中美斷教會之美援力量退守，面對經濟發展帶動城鄉移民與城市轉型，使得此區在1970年代由現代主義的住房烏托邦轉變為「都市貧民窟」，教會與居民針對擁有永久居留權之定義展開延遲十餘年的訴訟，直至2004年福音新村居民逐步遷出，這些歷史過程都讓「福音新村」在都市發展過程充滿異質性的色彩。

在研究方法上，首先使用文獻收集方式，先建構整體台灣1960年至後期的文化發展狀況以及對「社會住宅」的瞭解，在配合口述訪談及田野調查的方式，考察福音新村的人文歷史與空間樣貌的轉變，探討地方歷史在持續的轉化當中，空間與社會之間的接連關係。最後，藉由福音新村瞭解台灣及第三世界國家的社會住宅供應與情境，以作為台灣社會福利住宅發展中的參考個案。

關鍵字

烏托邦 ； 生活史 ； 異質空間 ； 陳其寬 ； 漢寶德 ； 華昌宜 ； 社會住宅 ； 福音新村 ； 貧戶住宅 ； 現代建築與規劃

並列摘要

The Gospell Village in Kaohsiung is the only white yurt poor housing residence group in Taiwan and an important case of Social Housing development. It is an autonomous community of Utopian salvation, a residence for people of low income, and the avant-garde designing trend put into practice funded by the Methodist Church in 1963, entrusted to designer Chen Chi-Kwan by foreign missioner, and co-designed by Han Pao-The and Hua Chang-I. Looking back, the discussion of social housing in Taiwan is relatively scarce with only a few about the government-provided public housings while the Taiwanese Social Housing patterns led by private consortiums as those in other countries are rarely seen in academic researches.

The research focuses on the drastic impact of total urbanization in Taiwan during 1960-2005, the settlement issue of post-war political immigrants, the autonomous community planning of church organization and its transformation from modernism Utopian residence to Urban Slum during the 1970’s while facing the rural-urban migration, urban transformation caused by economic development and the lack of US foreign aid due to severe diplomatic relationship, and the consequential lawsuit that lasted for over ten years between the church and residents regarding to the definition of permanent residential right which was finally settled during 2004 when the Gospell Villagers had gradually moved out. These histories had made the Gospell Village a place of heterogeneity during the urbanization process.

As to the research methods, first, related literatures were collected to establish understanding of the cultural development of Social Housing in Taiwan from 1960’s to later period followed by investigation via interviews and field studies of the history and spatial transformation of the Gospell Village discussing the social-spatial connection during the transformation of local history. Finally, the situation of social housing supply in Taiwan and the third world countries is observed via that of Gospell Village and the village is taken as a referential example for the development of welfare housing in Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

Modern Architecture and Planning ； Gospell Village ； Social Housing ； Poor Housing ； Life History ； Utopia ； Hua Chang-I ； Han Pao-Teh ； Chen Chi-Kwan ； Heterotopias

參考文獻

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（1996），〈台北市住宅政策總體檢問題與建議〉《住宅學》，第4期，pp.89－103。