本行動研究之目的在探討主題課程與教學調整在學前融合教育之運用。透過入班觀察與訪談等方式發現課程調整前特殊幼兒課程的學習困境,再針對所發現的問題尋求解決策略並進行課程調整,最後了解課程調整對特殊幼兒各項能力的影響。本研究以行動研究的方式進行,研究結果如下: 一、在課程調整前,特殊幼兒對原課程之適應與學習的困境包括: (一)教室情境佈置過高,操作不易,座位安排不當影響學習。 (二)課程設計偏認知性與靜態,不利特殊幼兒參與與理解。 (三)教材版面複雜單調,影響學習興趣。 (四)教師缺乏教學技巧,幼兒學習意願低。 (五)特殊幼兒抽離原班上課,IEP目標無法與原班課程結合。 二、整體課程經歷了二次的課程調整: (一)第一次課程調整的規畫與實行結果:調整學習環境的佈置高度、學習區的活動空間大小、融入與主題課程相關之圖卡、拼圖、序列圖卡與各項調味料罐及增設運筆、識字版面,且調整幼兒的座位。另,課程活動含蓋六大領域;調整教材版面、增加輔助教材內容,亦運用多元教學技巧並發掘幼兒的優勢能力;同時,將個別化教育計劃目標融入課程。實行結果,幼兒的課程參與課程增加了,其認知能力與人際互動能力亦有提升;同時,專注力與自信心亦增強了。但過程中亦出現教材未能即時送達、師生默契不足、課程活動設計過多、設備無法順利操控、人力支援不足等問題。 (二)第二次課程調整的規劃與實行結果 第二次的課程調整旨在加強培養師生默契並持續簡化課程活動內容;並根據學校活動適時調整課程進度,且協調巡迴老師和教師助理員做人力支援。結果發現,課程活動的調整讓師生默契更好,且巡迴教師與教師助理員的適時支援,也讓課程進行更順利。 三、整體來說,課程調整對特殊幼兒在課程各項領域的學習皆有正向的提升。
The purpose of this action research was to explore thematic curriculum and instruction adaptation in preschool inclusive education in order to help the young child with special needs learn better in an inclusive class. It stated the problems the child had in learning, and conceived the strategies to solve problems as well. Data collected mainly from observation, interviews and reflection notes. The main findings were as follows: 1. Before adapting curriculum, the child’s learning problems in an inclusive class included (1) the child lacked of learning motivation and interest, (2) the curriculum were too hard to meet child’s needs, (3) the curriculum arrangement was not suitable for learning, (4) IEP of the child did not integrated with lessons. 2. Strategies regarding adapting curriculum included: the teacher (1) re-arranged the class environment, (2) established and keep good relationship with children and figure out a way to communicate with them efficiently, (3) adapted teaching material and strategies, and implemented IEP into lessons, (4) added extra human resource in order to proceed with the lessons. 3. Overall, adapting curriculum to meet child’s needs did increase her learning motivation. The young child with special needs not only learned better in an inclusive class, but also the abilities of all areas had been improved.
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