建置開放資料的語意知識組織－ 以國民幸福指數為例

為理解開放資料(Open Data)知識組織之間的關聯性，展現具語意的詞彙能共享且被應用系統再利用，本研究以網路本體語言(Web Ontology Language, OWL)和簡單知識組織系統(Simple Knowledge Organization System, SKOS)為知識模型，建立多個資料集之間的概念組成、層級關係與因果關係。我國政府所釋出的開放資料，因缺乏用於描述資料的詮釋資料(metadata)，導致應用系統能理解的知識稀缺。本研究以國民幸福指數及其文本架構為案例，透過標準化的開放資料轉換程序及以語意為基礎建構的知識組織，可支持及擴展政府開放資料集的知識推理能力。主要設計方法包括：(1) 開放資料再製，建立語意網之鏈結資料(Linked Data, LD)技術，進行資源描述框架(Resource Description Framework, RDF)的資料形式轉換；(2) 發展知識組織系統，從多面向的詮釋來源建立語意為基礎的結構化知識；(3) 查詢語意推論，建立推論知識的邏輯描述，擴展知識的推理能力。由實驗結果顯示：本研究建置的語意知識組織，使開放資料成為資料網絡(Web of Data)，富含概念之間的邏輯關係，並跨及至其它知識組織，延展多面向的主題；此外，本研究將知識組織綱目(scheme)部署於網路，達到知識共享與再利用性的目標，使用者及潛在資料提供者皆能查閱開放資料豐富的知識脈絡。

關鍵字

開放資料；國民幸福指數；鏈結資料；本體網路語言；簡單知識組系統

並列摘要

In order to understand the reverence of Open Data (OD) and to show the semantic vocabularies can be shared and reused by application systems, this study proposes a knowledge model constructed by the Web Ontology Language (OWL) and Simple Knowledge Organization System (SKOS). This model is composed of concepts, hierarchical and causal relationships among the relevant data sets. The Open Data sets released by Taiwan government lack the metadata that is used to describe the data, resulting that the application systems fail to understand the available knowledge implied by these related data sets. Based on the Gross National Happiness and its textual framework, this study adopts a standardized OD conversion process and proposes a semantic-based knowledge organization which can support and expand the knowledge reasoning abilities of the government's released Open Data sets. Major research design components of this study include: (1) re-producing OD with Linked Data (LD) technique of Semantic Web by transforming OD into Resource Description Framework (RDF) format; (2) developing semantic-based structural knowledge within multi-dimensional metadata resources; (3) querying semantic inference by building logical descriptions and expanding reasoning abilities of knowledge. The experiment results show that the semantic-based knowledge organization, developed in this study have converted OD into "Web of Data" which consists of logical relationships between concepts that also crosses to other knowledge organizations generating multi-dimensional topics; In addition, the results of this study published the knowledge organization schemes on the web, hence fulfilling the objective of improving the knowledge sharing and reuse ability, which leads to open access of rich context knowledge for users and potential data providers.

並列關鍵字

Open Data ； Gross National Happiness ； Linked Data ； OWL ； SKOS

參考文獻

歐俐伶, & 楊東謀. (2016). 台灣政府開放資料之詮釋資料建置探討. 教育資料與圖書館學, 53(1), 63–102.

李治安, 林誠夏, & 莊庭瑞. (2014). 開放政府資料的基本原則與相關政策議題. 公共治理季刊, (1), 65–76.

Alvarez-Rodríguez, J. M., Labra-Gayo, J. E., & de Pablos, P. O. (2014). New trends on e-Procurement applying semantic technologies: Current status and future challenges. Computers in Industry, 65(5), 800–820.

Aussenac-Gilles, N., & Gandon, F. (2013). From the knowledge acquisition bottleneck to the knowledge acquisition overflow: A brief French history of knowledge acquisition. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 71(2), 157–165.

Baker, T., Bechhofer, S., Isaac, A., Miles, A., Schreiber, G., & Summers, E. (2013). Key choices in the design of Simple Knowledge Organization System (SKOS). Web Semantics: Science, Services and Agents on the World Wide Web, 20, 35–49.

國際替代計量

建置開放資料的語意知識組織－以國民幸福指數為例

全文下載

主題瀏覽