透過您的圖書館登入
IP:3.90.255.22
  • 學位論文

空間生產與抵抗:1980年代之後宜蘭空間飛地化與在地化

Spatial Production and Resistance : the Enclavization & Localization of Yilan after 1980s.

指導教授 : 郭肇立 黃承令

摘要


摘要 本文探討1980年至2010年間,工業資本主義與後工業社會經濟發展,對宜蘭農村空間生產的影響及其危機。 20世紀後半葉,蘭陽平原曾被定位為發展巨型、高耗能產業的地區,包含旗艦型投資的六輕石化,在工業發展相對落後的宜蘭,非但沒有獲得普遍支持,反而促使宜蘭縣政府與在地居民緊密連結,形成一股合力動員抵抗的環保運動。該運動激發縣民強烈環保意識,同時期更力退蘇澳火力發電廠設置計畫,期間橫跨六任縣長,奠定環保立縣基調。蘭陽平原因而在進入21世紀前,除了少部分地區持續存在工業資本主義社會的影響外,大部份農村仍普遍保有優質空氣、水資源、田園環境與注重生態環保的公共建設,銜接社區總體營造的地方文化運動,讓鄉間慢活的農村空間與一山之隔的臺北都會形成高強度對比。 21世紀初始,北宜高速公路通車,消弭臺北與宜蘭間的高山阻礙,後工業社會來臨,文化觀光帶動傳統產業轉型,理性疏離的工業空間轉化成為感性的在地文化體驗。宜蘭縣蘇澳鎮白米社區空間長期被石礦與現代工業發展所支配,是工業資本主義在宜蘭農村社區的具體展現,20世紀末期白米社區推動環保與地方文化產業,活化廢棄空間,介入政府公共建設,民眾積極的在地行動與高強度工業開發並行,形成強烈對比,社區不再只是工業理性,而是透過居民重新詮釋並影響社區空間。 另一方面,北宜高速公路通車,立法院修法放寬農業發展條例的農地買賣與農舍興建限制,後工業的商品化力量快速導入農地產買賣,農地價格暴漲,弱化農民反對聲浪,扭曲了農地作為農作生產的目的。以稻米農作生產為背景的宜蘭縣礁溪鄉玉田社區,即是受到後工業的農地商品化衝擊,門禁別墅興建拒絕融入環境的圍牆高聳,景觀私有化,新舊鄰居生活缺乏交集,孤立與包圍在高聳大門與圍牆內的農地,迥異於傳統農舍半開放式的稻埕景觀,傳統農村空間系統斷裂,形成異質的圈地現象。 本論文研究主要論證為: 一、 1980-2010年工業資本主義的飛地空間生產,帶來污染疑慮而引發在地化抵抗,北宜高速公路通車,後工業社會的商品化帶來大量觀光人流,成為社區居民抵抗空間工業化之助力。以宜蘭縣蘇澳鎮白米社區進行工業空間的文化抵抗案例個案研究。 二、 1980-2010年消弭臺北與宜蘭交通障礙,農業發展條例鬆綁農地,後工業社會的商品化帶來大量金流,形成農村空間飛地化。以宜蘭縣礁溪鄉玉田社區農地飛地化個案分析。 本論文主要研究發現為: 一、 不同社會經濟結構,存在不同的空間生產。宜蘭農村面對工業資本主義與後工業社會的商品化,存在差異的空間飛地與抵抗經驗。 二、 後工業社會的商品化,提升社區文化產業能量,抵抗工業資本主義空間生產,但也加速農村空間的商品化與飛地化危機。 三、 1980-2010年宜蘭地方的抵抗能量承接於民主抵抗、環保抵抗、文化抵抗,工業資本主義的污染抵抗與後工業社會的地方文化觀光,於農地飛地化的空間抵抗薄弱,顯示宜蘭地方具備政治公民意識、環保公民意識與文化公民意識,仍未及於空間公民意識。

並列摘要


Abstract The research is aimed on the crisis and different kind of resistance in rural areas of Yilan from 1980 to 2010, confronting the economic development under the condition from industrial-capitalism and post-industrial society. Lanyang Plain was planned to develop mega energy-consuming industry in late 20th century, including Formosa Plastics Corp’s (FPC) sixth naphtha cracker complex. Without public support, this plan was opposed by the local government as well as the residents themselves. At the same time, another project, Su'ao thermal power plant, was refused too. These events arouse a series of environmental movements based on the public-private partnership, during six terms of Magistrate of Yilan County Government. Under the circumstances, many policies, projects were carried out while private forces were formed to reach the goal of “Green County”, which made Lanyang Plain still keep good quality of water, air, and rural environment before 21st Century. The environmental-friendly public constructions and localized cultural movements connected by “Comprehensive Community Building” projects made Yilan a huge contrast to Taipei metropolitan area. In the early 21st Century, the opening of No. 5 National Highway eliminated the topographic obstacles between Taipei and Yilan. The post-industrial society evoked the transformation from traditional industry into cultural tourism industry, representing an era from rational alienation of industrial space into emotional localized cultural experiences. As a typical case for rural community under the impacts of industrial capitalism in Yilan, the residents’ everyday life in Baimi community had been dominated by mining industry in a long time. In late 20th Century, the community residents started to develop the ecological and cultural industry, they renovated unused space, and spoke out against the government policy concerning to their living environment. There was a big contrast between highly-industrialized development and the local people’s actions. The community is not just a representation of rational industry anymore, but the spatial production of the collective residents. On the other hand, No. 5 National Highway and the amendment of Agricultural Development Act rapidly increased the amounts of rural land transaction and rural house construction. A great deal of rural land lost their existence value for agricultural production, but became commodity in the real estate market, while the society seemed to ignore the dissenting voices. Take Yutien community in Jiaoxi for instance, its living environment was affected by the wave of rural land commercialization, such as the high wall of gated villa, the privatization of landscape, and alienated neighborhood. Comparing to the semi-public space in front of traditional rural houses, the fracture in rural spatial system after the turning points mentioned above, causes all kinds of enclosure, heterogeneous phenomena nowadays. The main problematics of this research are as follows : 1. The spatial production of enclavization under industrial capitalism from 1980 to 2010 raised environmental pollution issues, as well as local resistance. Though a large number of tourists came to the community due to the traffic convenience, the residents were also empowered by the community cultural industry to confront the industrialized space in their homeland. I chose Baimi community in Su'ao as a case study for cultural resistance in industrialized space. 2. After the amendment of Agricultural Development Act, a great deal of rural lands were released to the real estate market. The lands as commodity bring not only cash, but also the enclavization of rural area. I chose Yutien community in Jiaoxi as a case study for this argumentation. There are three points discovered after the field research. 1. The spatial production differs in each social and economic structure. Under the condition of industrial capitalism and commercialization in the post-industrial society, a variety of forms regarding spatial enclavization and resistance were presented in Yilan. 2. In the post-industrial society, the communities were empowered not only to develop their own cultural industry, but also to resist against the spatial production of industrial capitalism. At the same time, the rural areas were in the crisis according to commercialization and enclavization. 3. The power of resistance is practiced in different aspects of democracy, environmental conservation, cultural identity, but the spatial resistance in the rural land is relatively weak. The analysis shows the citizen consciousness in Yilan, which has been active in political, ecological, and cultural points of view, but is still lack of cultivation of spatial consciousness so far.

參考文獻


1993〈生活化的博物館〉《博物館學季刊》7(2):1。
2005「質性研究方法:訪談模式與實施步驟分析」《身心障礙研究》3(2),pp.122-136。
1996〈宜蘭經驗空間篇:好夢逐漸成真,但是可以複製嗎?〉《建築師》中華民國建築師公會全國聯合會雜誌社,254(2):48-152。
宜蘭文獻叢刊編輯委員會編輯
1996《論馬克思的意識形態》臺灣社會研究季刊23。

被引用紀錄


張芝樺(2012)。跆拳道競賽副審裁判員給分差異之研究-以98年全國大專院校運動會為例〔碩士論文,國立臺灣師範大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0021-1610201315313335

延伸閱讀