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  • 學位論文

以國家競爭力分析兩岸薄膜太陽能電池之 競合策略

The Cross-Strait Co-opetitive Strategy Analysis in Thin Film Solar Cell Industry — National Competitiveness Perspective

指導教授 : 陳筱琪

摘要


能源危機、溫室效應已為全世界所重視。因此,發展綠能產業,達到環保減碳目標已成為國際共識;對於綠能產業的發展,與廠商策略佈局之研究,更是未來之趨勢。綠能產業中以太陽能最為看好,其中薄膜太陽能電池又有成本、適溫性極佳、厚度薄、可繞性高、重量輕等優點,未來成長性看好,因此吸引全球廠商爭相投入生產。面對在技術與產量領先的是日本、德國、美國,以及積極投入的中國大陸,台灣廠商該如何因應;此外,能源產業發展與各國政府態度、國家競爭力攸關,故本研究期望以國家競爭力的觀點探討台灣與中國大陸在薄膜太陽能產業發展的切入點,並進而探討台灣與中國大陸在具備同文同種、技術與市場皆須仰賴國外市場的相同特徵下,兩岸的競爭策略與合作模式,及兩岸的現在市場定位與未來市場定位,以提供給產業參考。 研究結果顯示,「市場需求」與「政府」同樣都是兩岸最關切的國家競爭力構面,而「外在環境改變」與「企業競爭結構」兩岸看法較有差異,進一步的獲得的細部準則為「國際國內外採購條件」與「客製化程度」等差異最大,因此以國家競爭力而言,競爭大於合作機會。台灣競合策略主要是以合作模式中的策略聯盟、合資與獨家協議或技術授權為發展主軸,表示台灣以合作模式為主要的考量點;中國大陸則是以競爭策略與合作策略各半,以成本領導策略為發展重點,以獨家協議或技術授權或策略聯盟的合作模式切入,可見中國大陸對於新興產業的野心,期望在薄膜太陽能電池產業萌芽階段,即以低成本優勢佔有製造的市場地位,再透過合作模式掌握技術發展,雙方仍有合作機會。在市場定位部份,台灣與中國大陸現在的市場定位都是中游生產製造者,未來市場定位都是下游使用者,代表兩岸都想發展利潤較為豐厚的下游,故在產業整體發展過程中,兩岸現在與未來定位相同,競爭情勢將多於合作機會。故台灣業者應是適度思考面對中國大陸的競爭策略方向,並非一昧的覬覦中國市場,產生以合作為主軸的策略認知。

並列摘要


Energy crisis and greenhouse effect has been one of the most serious challenges in the world nowadays. Therefore, green industry development for environmental protection and carbon reduction has been the global focus; furthermore, it would be a tendency to integrate green energy industry with development strategy for the best solution. There is no doubt that solar power has been recognized as the top choice; the advantages of thin-film solar cell include cost-saving, temperateness, thinness, flexibility, and lightness, etc. The investigation of thin-film solar cell is necessary to next generation energy development. On the other hand, remarkable advances have been made in green industry that brings global competitions. Japan and Germany and US take the lead in state-of-the-art technology and manufacturing, and China also shows a great ambition. Facing such fierce competition, how should Taiwan deal with it? Development strategy for energy industry relates to government support as well as national competitiveness. This study would feature national competitiveness to discuss the thin-film solar development in Taiwan and China. Based on the national competitiveness of Taiwan and China,this study would further elaborate investigate the co-opetitive strategy and cross-strait market positioning between China and Taiwan. As the result, the study found “market demand” and “government” are the two main concerns in terms of cross-strait national competitiveness; when it comes to “production elements” and “related industry support”, China and Taiwan hold similar points of view. However,the cross-strait firms see “external environmental change” and “business competitive structure” with different perspectives and the most challenging parts are conditions of procurement and customization. As far as national competitiveness is concerned, chances are competition will prevail over collaboration. Taiwan Co-opetitive (Competitive and Cooperative) Strategy mainly targets strategic alliance and joint venture that Taiwan puts emphasis on collaboration while China competitive strategy lays stress on cost leadership strategy. Considering exclusive agreement and technology licensing can manipulate less favorable situation, China shows the ambition in such emerging industries as thin-film solar cell industry; cost saving dominates manufacturing, and cooperation facilitates technology advancement. Both China and Taiwan are middle-stream manufacturers for current situation but they target downstream users for future market positioning that indicates the cross-strait strive for profitable downstream growth. For overall industry development, chances are competition will prevail over collaboration. Instead of shortsighted focus on China huge market, Taiwan should keep in mind that they should pay much attention to cross-strait industry strategy.

參考文獻


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