製作英雄：反共義士在台灣的形象塑造

Hero production: Image Building of Anti-Communist Martyrs in Taiwan

王珮蓉(Pei-Jung Wang)

指導教授 ： 王良卿

國立暨南國際大學/人文學院/歷史學系/碩士(2014年)

https://doi.org/10.6837/NCNU.2014.00020

摘要

兩岸分治後，反共及反攻成為了中華民國政府最重要的國家政策，在政府極力宣傳反共反攻的同時，從對岸來到台灣的反共義士成為了政府最佳的宣傳工具。反共義士是指從中國大陸逃離或經過選擇直接以及間接來到中華民國的人物，因符合政府的反共政策，以及有利於政府的反共宣傳，因此被政府冠上了「反共義士」的名號，並且將他們的身影放置在台灣的各公共空間之中。在所有被政府稱之為反共義士的人們當中，最為人所知的就是因韓戰來台的韓戰反共義士，以及駕中共軍機來台的中共飛行員，因此本文便從這兩批反共義士來探討政府對他們的身分塑造和宣傳手法，以及他們在台灣反共意識消退後的生活和對政府的看法。無論是哪一批反共義士，對於政府而言，都是做為為政府的反共政策宣傳，以及為政府的國際地位做見證的角色。政府也為反共義士設置了「一二三自由日」，這個政治性的節日也成了政府對外尋求國際生存空間的場合。
在中華民國解嚴後，反共意識也隨之淡薄，反共義士對於中華民國的重要性不如以往重要，漸漸被政府以及台灣人民給遺忘，成為了兩岸長期對峙下的犧牲品；在兩岸交流時期，他們的身分敏感且特殊，也成為在台灣人民可以自由往來中國大陸的時刻，無法自由往來的人們。

關鍵字

反共義士、反共、形象塑造、宣傳、自由日

並列摘要

After the partition of China, anti-communist and retake the mainland became ROC government 's most important national policy. While the government strongly propagating anti-communist and retake, the anti-communist martyrs escaped from Mainland became the best tool for the government. Anti-communist Martyrs means the people who escaped from Mainland China and directly or indirectly arrived Taiwan for some reason. Because they were in line with government 's anti-communist policies and in favor of the anti-communist propaganda, the ROC government topped the "anti-communist martyrs" in the name, and presented them to public in all means. Among all the anti-communist martyrs, the ex-communist prisoners of the Korean War and the pilots escaped from CCP were the most well known groups to Taiwan. This article is to explore how ROC government building their image and practicing the propaganda, and to address their views on life and government in Taiwan after anti-communist consciousness fade-away. No matter which group of them, they were tools of propaganda for the government's anti-communist policies and the witness of the government’s existence of international society. ROC Government set up “Freedom Day" on Jan. 23 to honor these prisoners of the Korean War, and this memorial day became a platform the government used to seeking her internationaler lebensraum.
After the lifting of martial law in Taiwan, along with the passing away of anti-communist consciousness, the importance of these anti-communist martyrs was also faded out. They were gradually been forgotten by the government and people in Taiwan, and have become the victims of long term cross-strait confrontation. In the era of cross-strait interaction, they, having such sensitive and special identity, on the contrary lose the freedom to traveling around when most of the people of Taiwan and Mainland China are freely to do so.

並列關鍵字

Anti-Communist Martyrs, Anti-Communist, Image building, Propaganda, Freedom Day

參考文獻

參考書目

一、檔案

國防部，《起義來歸匪軍處理規則》，國防部史政編譯室所藏，檔號：00026879，文件號：0570028309，1968年月14日。

〈為匪軍飛行員劉承司駕機起義來歸你與任用及獎勵恭請核示遵由〉，《駕機來歸反共義士處理經過》，國防部史政編譯室所藏，檔號：00049661，文件號：0510000184，1962年3月7日。

〈為匪空軍飛行員李顯斌等駕機起義來歸擬與任用及獎勵恭祈鑒核示遵由〉，《駕機來歸反共義士處理經過》，國防部史政編譯室所藏，檔號：00049661，文件號：0540000938，1952年11月20日。