非營利組織資源整合之研究－以「財團法人犯罪被害人保護協會臺灣南投分會」為例

自1957年英國社會改良家佛萊女士（Margery Fry）於英國觀察報（The Observer）發表「為被害人之正義」（Justice for Victims）文章，引發大家對被害人的關心，在我們現今社會中被害人真的有權利嗎？除非是自己或親友遇到了，才會有更深刻的體會。當時引起不只是英國，甚至其他國家的重視及關心，使刑事司法天平在犯罪人那一端逐漸往中間移動，世界各國持續頒佈法令推行被害保護方案及制度，藉此保護及協助犯罪被害人及其家屬。本研究情形，藉由資源整合觀點來分析了解目前我國犯罪被害保護政策執行所缺乏的部分以及其可以努力的方向。本研究建議對政策面的建議：於重大社會治安事件中正向凸顯「犯罪被害人保護協會」之重要性，勇於發聲；落實「加強犯罪被害人保護方案」第一線執行人員（犯罪保護手冊人手冊）如各地方法院檢察官、移民署各地專勤隊（人口販運）、警察人員、救護人員、社會工作員、調解委員、志工，並列入標準作業流程；擴大有關被害人之保護措施範圍，承認並提高被害人在刑事司法制度上之地位。犯罪被害補償金建議免予求償，改採定額給付方式補償被害人或其遺屬，將犯罪被害補償金改為社會救助金或由犯罪人罰金收入直接撥補，若有不足再行考慮將受補償之金額予以降低，由國家編列預算或以聯合勸募方式支應；犯保分會辦公場所建議由地檢署向國有財產局申請無償撥用房舍或土地供犯保分會使用；建議增加一項經營社會企業盈餘財源，擴展南投犯保資金運用彈性與充實服務項目內容；強化分會委員會功能；每年辦理「犯罪被害人保護方案聯繫會報」；善用志願服務人力；強化志工培訓深度及增加實務訓練。後續研究建議朝強化分會委員會功能、加強志工管理及犯罪被害人保護資源整合方面單一窗口持續研究。

關鍵字

資源整合；非營利組織；犯罪被害人；保護協會

並列摘要

Ever since the article "Justice for Victims" by the British society improver Ms Margery Fry was published in "The Observer" newspaper in 1957, concerns have been raised about the rights of the victims. Do victims really have any rights in the modern society? Normally we wouldn't think about it until one of our friends or family members was in the position. At the time, not only was the concern raised in the UK, in various other countries the issue was discussed. The criminal juridical balance started to move from favoring the assailant to the mid-ground. There were efforts made in many countries to design laws and legal systems to protect the victims and their families. In this study, we use the resource integration method to analyze the shortcomings of the execution of policies regarding the protection of the victims and possible ways of improvement. The suggestions to the policy-making are listed as follows. When significant social security events happen, positively emphasize the importance of the Association for Victims Support, and the victims need to have the courage to speak out. Create a standardized operation procedure and reinforce the training (via the victim protection booklet for example) of front-line personnel in the "program for better protection of victims" such as prosecutors in local court, the special operation team of the national immigration agency which deals with human trafficking, police officers, emergency medical technicians, social workers, the mediation committee members and volunteer workers. Increase protection measures for victims. Recognize and enhance the juridical position of victims. We suggest to exempt the compensation claims for crime victims, and to compensate instead with fixed payment to the victims or their surviving dependents. Another suggestion is to replace the compensation claims for victims by social assistance, or from the fine from the assailant; and if the fine is not enough for the victim compensation, we suggest to lower the compensation amount, or to fill the gap by the government or through a fund-raising campaign. We also suggest that the local district prosecutors office apply to the national property administration to provide free offices for the association for victims support. We propose to reinvest the surplus from one of the social enterprises to enhance the flexibility and service items of the Nantou branch of the victims support association. We recommend to strengthen the functionality of the administration committee for the different branches, to hold the "conference for policies for the protection of crime victims" every year, to better utilize available volunteer manpower, and to provide volunteers with more in-depth and practical training. As the next step, we plan to study the implications to increase the functionality of the administration committee of the local branches of the victims support association, as well as the possibility to enhance the managing of volunteers, and to establish a one-stop integrated customer service for all resources for the protection of victims.