明清時期浦東地區農田水利的開發與社會變遷

江南為明清時期的中國經濟最發達的地區，歷來江南研究最為豐富。然而，江南地區發展並非是均質性的發展。浦東同樣位於江南地區之內，然而其發展過程和江南開發有所不同。因此，本文研究的焦點，討論明清時期浦東地區的開發過程。本篇論文主要分為三章：第一章的內容主要在討論浦東地區自然地理形成的原因，以及浦東地區未進入農業開墾前的經濟型態，其主要經濟活動以鹽業為主。第二章為本論文的核心，主要討論土地開發過程之中，由哪些人投入對浦東地區開發？以及論述土地開發過程中所必須面臨的問題。浦東地區由於自然條件作用之下，造成當地的農業型態有別於低地的江南地區。第三章則主要討論浦東地區經濟變遷的過程，普遍來說江南於十六世紀中開始進入商品經濟範疇，而浦東開發晚於江南低地地區的開發，因此，浦東在明末以後，商品經濟發展才較為顯著。入清以後，浦東市鎮大量興起，造成本地經濟繁榮，特別是棉手工副業的發展，而成為浦東地區經濟的特色。

關鍵字

江南；浦東；水利；棉花；地主；海塘；竈戶；市鎮

並列摘要

Jiangnan was the most economically prominent area in Ming and Qing Dynasties with richest research resources. However, its development was not a homogeneous one. Although within the region limit, the development of Pudong was quite different. The purpose of the study is to examine the development of Pudong in Ming and Qing Dynasties. The paper has been divided into three main chapters. Chapter 1 is focused on the causes of geographic formation of Pudong and its economic patterns before it was cultivated. Salt producing was the major economic activity in Pudong at that time. Chapter 2 comprises the core study on who came and invested in the development of the area. The chapter also examines issues that arose during the development of land. Due to its natural environment, the agricultural patterns in Pudong were different from lowlands in other Jiangnan region. The subject of Chapter 3 is to understand the economic change in Pudong. Generally speaking, Jiangnan started the commodity sector of the economy from the sixteenth century, and the development in Pudong did not occur significantly until the end of Ming Dynasty. After Qing Dynasty, cities and townships emerged to drive the economic prosperity, especially hand made cotton products that became characteristics of the economy in Pudong.