未婚女性非預期懷孕與人工流產之心理調適

本研究目的欲了解未婚女性歷經非預期懷孕、人工流產後的心理調適歷程。本研究採取立意取樣方式，邀請四位曾有人工流產經驗的未婚女性參與研究，利用半結構化的深度訪談來蒐集資料。本研究採用質性研究的敘事分析作為訪談資料的整理與分析，研究結果分別以「整體－內容」呈現未婚女性在面臨非預期懷孕至人工流產後的過程、之後以「類別－內容」呈現未婚女性在影響人工流產的影響因素、人工流產經驗、人工流產後的生活經驗變化與調適過程。本研究發現如下：一、未婚女性在面對非預期懷孕事件時，大多會以自身狀況、結婚計畫、感情因素、生育所承擔的教養責任、家人因素及女性在人工流產接受度等因素，作為是否選擇人工流產考量原因。二、未婚女性在進行人工流產過程時，可看到影響未婚女性在人工流產經驗感受因素有一開始醫療場所的選擇、男友/朋友的陪伴、醫護人員的態度、人工流產的進行等，皆會影響未婚女性在人工流產經驗上的感受。此外，可發現未婚女性在歷經手術或藥物引流時，由於不瞭解手術過程或是否有副作用等，因此大多會有焦慮、害怕的情緒反應。三、未婚女性在人工流產經驗後，可看到未婚女性在人工流產後的變化與影響有自我懷疑、自我貶抑、自我責備的反應；對於未出生的胎兒有罪惡感、難過、悲傷的情緒，會害怕胎兒變成嬰靈而報復她們；同時也會發現人工流產對於親密關係會有影響。四、未婚女性在人工流產後心理調適的過程中，可發現未婚女性會藉由外在行動、內在認知的轉變或支持系統的幫助下，使自己從人工流產經驗走出來，同時也會看到人工流產經驗並非一個結束的事件，仍會被一些事情所促發、影響，再度影響女性，因此未婚女性往往需要重新調整、面對，找到支持自己的力量。最後，研究者根據研究結論與發現，針對接受人工流產的當事人、男友、諮商輔導工作者、教育工作者及未來研究方向提出建議。

關鍵字

非預期懷孕；人工流產；心理調適

並列摘要

The purpose of this qualitative study is to understand psychological adjustment of unmarried women who have unplanned pregnancy and induced abortion. The data is collected by the half-structure interview from four interviewers and analyzed in narrative method. The finds are as follows. First, unmarried women who have unplanned pregnancy in decision-making process would consider their condition, marriage plan, the relationship, parenting responsibility, family and the women who accept the abortion or not. Second, the emotion of unmarried women who experience abortion is influenced by choosing hospital, boyfriend/friend accompanying, the attitude of the hospital staff, and the operating for abortion. The other hand, the women who experience the abortion surgery or medical abortion usually worry about some side effects from the surgery and also have a lot of anxiety. Third, the study finds post-abortion women often have the reaction of self-doubt, self-belittling or self-blame. They feel guilty, sad, and are afraid of the unborn fetus. The abortion experience also affect the women’s intimacy with men. Finally, during the post-abortion psychological adjustment process, the unmarried women can recover by using some actions, cognitive system changes or the support of environmental system. Some suggestions for educators, counselors and futher research are provided.