從托爾斯泰《安娜•卡列尼娜》探討十九世紀女性在婚姻中的壓迫

The Oppression of Marriage on Nineteenth-Century Women in Tolstoy’s Anna Karenina

莊靈(Ling Chuang)

指導教授 ： 林松燕

國立暨南國際大學/人文學院/外國語文學系/碩士(2016年)

摘要

本文特別側重於在俄羅斯社會中，女性自己本身同時作為女兒，妻子和母親的角色，以及有關婚姻和家庭生活中女性所受到的限制。隨著歷史和社會的分析，本文還探討女性在面臨各種問題的寫照。托爾斯泰認為一個女人的第一責任是她的家人，社會規則是男人的遊戲，但因為安娜在婚姻中的不檢點，她失去了她的孩子和朋友，甚至還無法保證可以離婚。由於社會對她的孤立和迴避使安娜崩潰，最終選擇從月台一躍而下。本文嘗試由女性的議題來探討托爾斯泰，研究了在此期間中提到的作品，並揭示了托爾斯泰設定角色時是根據社會的變化。在他的做法中，托爾斯泰已經成功的超越階級和時間，創建出人物和環境環環相扣的關係。

關鍵字

俄羅斯 ； 托爾斯泰 ； 女性問題 ； 安娜卡列尼娜

並列摘要

The thesis focuses specifically on women's social conditions in Russia highlighting their role as daughter, wife and mother. It examines limitations placed upon women concerning marriage and family life. Along with the historical and social analysis, this thesis also examines the portrayal of various issues relating to the woman question and the role, or lack thereof, of women in society. Tolstoy seems to view a woman's first responsibility to be to her family. Societal rules are a game for men, but it’s serious for women. For Anna’s marital indiscretion, she loses her children, her friends and she is unable to even secure a divorce. Due to her intense isolation and social shunning, Anna breaks down and eventually throws herself onto the train tracks as a train comes barreling toward her. This work concludes attempting to position Tolstoy on neither side of the woman question, not the case with the authors studied in the work nor other authors mentioned during this period in history, and instead reveals Tolstoy's determination to create characters and situations which are present in every society. In his approach, Tolstoy has succeeded in surpassing the boundaries of class and time and created characters and situations universal.

並列關鍵字

Russia ； woman question ； Tolstoy ； Anna Karenina

參考文獻

Armstrong, Judith M. The Unsaid in Anna Karenina. New York: St. Martin's P, 1988.

Boyd, Alexander F. “An Anatomy of Marriage: Leo Tolstoy and Anna Karenina.” Aspects of the Russian Novel. New Jersey: Rowman and Littlefield, 1972.

Brownstein, Rachel M. Introduction. Becoming a Heroine. Columbia: Columbia UP, 1994. 7-10. Print.

Cruise, Edwina.”Women, sexuality, and the family in Tolstoy.” The Cambridge Companion to Tolstoy. Ed. Donna Tussing Orwin. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2002.

Dinstein, Yoram. Models of Autonomy. NJ: Transaction Books, 1981.