外籍配偶工作權政策－馬歇爾公民權模式為觀點

近年來，台灣的外籍配偶人數逐漸地增加，特別是新移民女性。政府將新移民女性的工作權利與居留權連結，這對其基本權利的獲取有所限制。本研究關注新移民女性在台灣的工作權政策，探究新移民女性對於工作權的爭取是否與馬歇爾公民權發展模式所論相同。透過文獻分析及訪談結果發現，新移民女性爭取工作權的過程，與馬歇爾提出的公民權模式在發展順序上有所不同，台灣的模式是先爭取市民權及社會權，政治權則是在爭取社會權的過程中行使了。訪談結果發現，新移民女性在工作時易遭受不平等對待，再加上政策上的諸多限制，特別是身分證申請資格加入財力限制以及學歷認證等，在在影響新移民女性工作權利的獲取。本研究建議政府應放寬外籍配偶在台生活的相關規定，工作權是其中之一，此可與居留權部分有所區隔；並在制定相關規定時一視同仁，不因其原生國家、地區的不同而有不同的法規適用。又針對政治權部分，若考量國家安全，可參考美國綠卡模式，給予移民者生活必須之權利，但在政治權部分有所限制。

關鍵字

外籍配偶；新移民女性；公民權；工作權

並列摘要

Recently, more and more foreign spouses increased in Taiwan, especially new female immigrants. Government policy linked their right to work with right of residence, this has impeded their derivation of basic rights. This study is to explore whether the development of working right for new female immigrants in Taiwan is similar to Marshall’s model of citizenship. Results of literature analysis and in-depth interview showed that the sequence of working right development for new female immigrants was different from that in Marshall’s model. These new female immigrants strived for civil rights first and then social rights. Political rights were obtained while requesting social rights. Research findings showed that new female immigrants tended to receive unfair treatment, such as the applying of Identification Card. Applicant needs to summit personal financial statement and certificate of academic degree. These regulations restrict the working right of new female immigrants. The author suggests that the government should not relate the working right with resident right for new female immigrants. They should be treated equally in terms of working right. Regarding nation security, the government may refer the US Green Card application to set some restrictions on the political rights for new female immigrants but still provide them with fundamental rights to life.