經濟弱勢單親女性的社會資本初探

台灣目前尚未有針對經濟弱勢單親女性與社會資本相關的研究，想藉由本研究了解經濟弱勢單親女性社會資本的現況，探討其累積與建構社會資本的管道與來源，希望發展具有社會資本意涵的服務模式。本研究訪談十位經濟弱勢單親媽媽，並採用半結構式深入訪談法的方式來蒐集與分析資料。研究發現，當婦女願意花時間及心力經營社會資本，原生家庭的支持及親子關係佳有利於凝聚式社會資本累積，加上婦女個性主動、積極、樂觀，願意參加N P O社工所辦理的方案活動，和主動參加志願服務或社區參與，投入社區服務，這些是有利於社會資本的累積的因素。另外，父權制度造成負面社會烙印，使得原生家庭對婦女不支援，當婦女嫁得遠或原生家庭結構有了改變，婦女沒有花時間及心力經營社會資本，導致親子關係不佳或與原生家庭的家屬不親密，而且若婦女個性是屬於被動、消極、悲觀，就不利於社會資本的累積。加上婦女沒有房屋財產所有權，對於所處環境沒有安全感及歸屬感，而且婦女所屬於弱勢同階級，職場相關消息來源有限，她們所屬的職場屬於次級勞動市場，這些都是不利於社會資本的形成因素。最後，依據本研究發現對於針對婦女和社會工作服務提出多項建議，期望提供給相關專業領域的工作人員實務工作規劃與運用之參考。未來研究部分，建議可做貫時性研究，依不同性別做更深入的追蹤後續社會資本的發展。

關鍵字

經濟弱勢；單親婦女；社會資本

並列摘要

It is not yet available social capital related research for economically disadvantaged single women in Taiwan. I would like to understand economically disadvantaged single mothers now the situation of social capital, and explore their social capital generate and accumulate ways and source by this study.I hope to develop social capital has implications for service model by this study. I interview ten economically disadvantaged single mothers, and this study use semi-structured in-depth interviews ways to collect and analyze data. The study revealed that when women are willing to spend time and attention to congregate social capital, and family of origin’s support and parent-child relationship is good for creating bonding social capital. Women's personality active and positive and optimistic and willing to participate NPO program activities, and actively participate in volunteer service or community involvement in community services, which is beneficial to create social capital. In addition, the patriarchy negative social stigma, and when women marry too far or family of origin’s structure has changed, making the family of origin’s women is not supported. Women do not have to spend time and attention to congregate social capital, resulting in parent-child relationship is not good or the family of origin is not intimate, and the woman is a passive personality and negative and pessimistic, is not good for accumulate social capital. Women do not have home ownership, and have a sense of security and belonging in their environment, and women belonging to underprivileged groups of the same class, and they belong to the workplace is a secondary labor market, which are not good for gather social capital. Finally, according to this study find that for women and social work services for a number of recommendations, expect to provide relevant professional staff in the field of practical work planning and the use of reference. Do panel study for future research studies, according to different gender do more in-depth follow-up development of social capital.