警察人員免職案件之研究

論文摘要警察具有龐大的組織、人力，又有國家賦予之武力，加上長期教育過程培養出高度的服從性與嚴謹的紀律，故能以超越其他行政機關的執行效率，圓滿完成安定社會的任務，惟其間容有少數不肖員警枉法瀆職，仍瑕不掩瑜，無法抹煞大多數堅守崗位默默耕耘的警察同仁們偉大的貢獻。警察人員勤務之繁重及對社會治安維護之貢獻，不容否認，且警察因其任務及執勤之特殊，就其管理上採取勤教嚴管自有其必要，又警察人員因身負執法重責，依社會一般通念，其操守與紀律之要求，往往更勝於一般公務人員，為整飭紀律及維護警察人員形象，警察人員人事條例所規範警察人員免職之設計，較規範其他人員之法律為特別嚴格規定，且實務上警察機關比一般行政機關較常實施懲處及更常使用不確定法律概念作成免職處分，此對內能維持組織內部運作秩序、淨化陣營，對外能符合社會的期待，殊值肯定，惟對受免職處分員警之權益影響極大，又不確定法律概念難以預見，常引發爭訟，且事後之行政救濟，浪費了龐大的人力、物力，嚴重影響工作效率，是以亟須尋求解決之道。本論文主要之研究問題如下：一、公務（警察）人員與國家之關係及其演變為何？二、憲法中工作權與服公職權利之規範內涵為何？三、警察人員免職規定內涵之探討與其合憲性之問題。四、「警察人員人事條例」第31條第1項及「公務人員考績法」第12條第3項有關以不確定法律概念為免職要件之案件，其類型化與具體化之必要性及類型化之方式。又本文之研究主要係採傳統法學研究中之文獻探討法，廣泛蒐集與有關之期刊、論文、著作、研究報告等文獻資料或論述及警察機關免職之案件，目前警察人員免職之案件，已累積相當豐富的案例，期透過實證的查詢、整理，運用現有警察人員免職案件予以探詢，再加以分析歸類，透過類型化達到具體化，俾提高法律之可預見性及明確性，研究結果發現：警察人員免職案件救濟成功之機率不大，且透過將警察機關免職案件予以類型化，來具體化警察人員免職之規定有其可行性，爰建議警察人員免職處分之不確定法律概念應予具體化，並提出可透過免職案件之類型化或訂定行政規則之方式，來具體化警察人免職規定，以解決不確定法律概念之兩難問題，提供警察機關主官裁量基準及依循之標準，避免濫權之情事，以保障警察人員之身分權與工作權，並使員警能預見，減少爭訟，俾在員警服公職之權益與警察官箴、警紀之維護及社會期待與民眾觀感達到最佳之平衡。

關鍵字

公務人員；警察人員；不確定法律概念；免職處分；類型化

並列摘要

Abstract The police have extensive organization, man powers, and armed force given by the government. After long-term disciplinary education, the police execution efficiency always surpasses other administration, and achieves the assignment of stabilizing the social security. Though few police officers misconduct themselves in office and pervert the law. It is without doubt that there are still lots of police officers stick to their positions. The heavy duties of the police officers and contributions of maintaining social security are undeniable. Because of the special duties and responsibilities of conducting the law, it is essential to take severe management. The demands of integrity and disciplines are always over the standard of other public servants. To consolidate the disciplines and maintain the image of police officers, the regulation governing dismissal disciplinary action of police officers is stricter than others. Due to unsure law concept and frequently use of administrative punishment and dismissal disciplinary action, it can uphold the operation order of the inner organization, purify the field and meet the public expectations. The effect of dismissal disciplinary action is extensive. And the unsure law concept is unpredictable. That is why lawsuits happen all the time. The appealing of lawsuit wastes lots of man powers and treasury, and seriously influences working efficiency. It is urgent to find the way out. The research questions of the thesis are as followed: 1. The relationship and development between public servants and the country? 2. The content of the Constitution Law governing the rights of working and serving the public? 3. The discussion of dismissal disciplinary action of police officers and its constitutional problems? 4. The dismissal cases due to unsure law concept from the Statute of the Police Personnel paragraph1, article31 and the Civil Service Performance Rating Act paregraph1, article 12. And the concretion and categorization of the cases. The research of this thesis takes documents inquiry of traditional law research. Comprehensively collect relevant periodicals, journals, writings, thesis, researches and dismissal cases of police officers. At present, there are abundant cases regarding dismissals of police officers. Make the use of the dismissal cases through the way of inquiry and collation .And analyze in advance to make it concrete and categorized. To elevate the precision and forecast, there are some findings in this report. The chance of succeeding in appealing is not high. Classification of dismissal cases makes the rules governing dismissals concrete. Suggest unsure law concept governing dismissals should be crystallized. By categorized dismissal cases and setting up administrative rules to concrete the regulations governing the dismissals of police officers, and to resolve the dilemma of the law. Hope it can offer a standard to measure, to follow and to avoid abusing powers. And protect the working right and the right to be a police officer. And make the police officers foresee the situation and reduce the appealing. To make it perfect balance among the right of serving the public, the preservation of police disciplines, social expectation and the impression of the people.