盧曼(N. Luhmann)的風險社會學是以社會系統的「自我再製」(Autopoiesis)為理論出發點,進而認為社會系統作為觀察者。 盧曼的風險社會學指出,一方面,從二階觀察者的立場來看,任何的觀察皆有其盲點,而且具有相對性。另一方面,觀察者的決策本身是一種具有弔詭性與多重偶變性的運作,其中蘊含風險,觀察者的決策本身因而是一種風險溝通與風險管理。 盧曼的風險社會學是一種更能貼近社會實務運作的政策分析工具。對此,本文以克流感專利授權一案為例說明之。其中,筆者是站在二階觀察者的立場上,指出該案中數個一階觀察者的風險溝通與風險管理。
The Risk Sociology of Niklas Luhmann is basis on the theory of autopoiesis of social system, which regards a social system as an observer. Luhmann points out, on one hand, in the perspective of second-order observer, any observer has a blind spot, and its observation result has relativity, on the other hand, an observer’s decision itself is an operation with paradox and multiple contingency, which contains risk, and therefore an observer’s decision is a kind of risk communication and risk management. The Risk Sociology of Niklas Luhmann can be considered a kind of policy analyses tool, it has a greater insight on social practice. In order to illustrate its essence, this research takes the case of compulsory licensing of TAMIFLU patent as an example. In the meantime, I take the position of a second-order observer, and interpret the risk communication and risk management from several first-order observers in this case.
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