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  • 學位論文

社會服務契約委外之研究:台灣與英國經驗的比較

Contracting out:Social Services in Taiwan and Britain

指導教授 : 黃源協

摘要


本研究以新管理主義的觀點對社會服務契約委外進行解讀,期瞭解社會服務契約委外的相關理論及發展脈絡,進而討論與分析台灣與英國相關經驗,再就研究結果與發現,研提未來規劃社會服務契約委外政策的建議。研究方法採用比較研究法,輔以應用政策研究之質性資料分析法,以有關台灣與英國社會服務契約委外初級及次級資料為主,藉由多次檢閱、文件交互參照,以使研究資料的分析與解釋能夠作最真實的呈現。經研究分析後,研究結果如下: 1. 在面對政經不穩定的環境、科層體制的僵化及新管理主義的浪潮之下,「契約委外」成為社會服務民營化最常運用的方式;而台灣與英國面對不同的歷史背景,分別在1970年代及1980年代制訂強制性競標及政府採購法。 2. 從台灣與英國實際的委外狀況來看,兩國相同處為重視競爭所帶來的成本效益、視為行政革新的手段之一、面對不完全的競爭市場及受限的服務輸送方式;另外,在政策考量上、法令依據上、立法過程上、實施策略上及分權化策略上則各有不同的取向。 3. 經過兩國的比較發現,台灣社會服務契約委外的政策已經產生自有的路徑,衍生出屬於台灣本土上的特殊性,包括:殘補式的社會福利背景、整體性的民營化策略、只有補助文化,缺乏契約文化、非營利組織能量不足、政策導向優於發展導向、有待加強的服務使用者觀點等。 4. 最後,我們從台灣與英國社會服務契約委外的經驗為基礎,發現從公共選擇理論來看有限理性的決策大於「效率最大化」原則、代理人理論在理想與現實之間仍有相當距離、過高的政治成本及社會成本無法達到交易成本理論的假設。 基於上述研究結果,本研究提出相關的研究建議:(1)在理論層面:正視新管理主義的勢力、實踐新管理主義的決策關鍵、立基在理論的政策創新與變革;(2)在政策層面:健全完善的社會服務體制、輔以「最佳價值」的改革思維、重視長期委託的成功關鍵;(3)在實務層面:落實「轉換而非撤退」的政府角色、啟動契約管理監督之責、慎防輕忽專業侵蝕服務成效。而在未來研究建議上,建議未來觀察社會服務契約委外時可有兩個層面來看,一個是政府與民間團體的互動與合作,一個是社會服務適用契約委外的現實狀況。

並列摘要


The study aims to discusses Contracting Out of Social Services in the view of New Managerialism, the theory and development about Contracting Out of Social Services, and to analysis the experience of Contracting Out of Social Services in Taiwan and Britain. This study adopts comparative method and qualitative data analysis of applied policy research to collect data. The findings of this study are as follows: 1. Facing with unstable political and economical environment, sclerotic bureaucratic system and the wave of New Managerialism, “Contracting Out” has been utilized most commonly in privatization of social service. Based on different historical backgrounds, Taiwan and Britain constituted Compulsory Competitive Tendering and the Government Procurement Act in the 1970s and the 1980s. 2. Compared the actual implementation of Contracting Out in Taiwan and in Britain, both countries emphasize on the cost efficiency due to competitions, take this as a means of political innovations, face incomplete competitive market and face restricted service deliveries. On the other hand, these two countries took different methods in political, in legal, in legislative, and in decentralized strategies. 3. The comparison also shows that Contracting Out of Social Service in Taiwan has developed its own path and derive its local specialty, which includes: “residual social welfare background”, “entire privatization strategy”, “subsidies only but no contract culture”, “insufficient energy of non-profit organization”, “the policy-led above the development-led” and “the view of service user that needs to be strengthened”…etc. 4. Finally, based on the contracting-out experience of Taiwan and Britain, it is found that 1) rationality in public choice theory is not practical because bounded rationality surpasses efficiency maximization; 2) there is still significant distance between ideals and reality in principal-agent theory; and 3) excessive political and social costs could not achieve the hypothesis of transaction cost theory. In conclusion, there are some suggestions in the study: 1) in theory: confront the power of New Managerialism, implement the critical strategy of New Managerialism and political innovation and revolution based on theory; 2) in policy: mature social service system, educate “best value” revolution conception and key success of long-term contracting out; 3) in practice: transitive but not withdrawn of government role, activate supervision responsibility of contracting out and be aware of corrosion on service due to disregarding profession. For future research, it is suggested that contracting out of social service can be discussed in two aspects: 1) cooperation between government and non-government communities and 2) the reality which social service is suitable for contracting out.

參考文獻


參考文獻
【中文部分】
王于綾(1997)。《購買服務契約對民間福利機構影響之探討--以台北市為例》。台北市:國立台灣大學社會學系研究所碩士論文。
王琇蘭(2007)。《地方政府老人居家服務方案委託政府採購評選過程之評估--多元競合模式的初步建構》。台中市:東海大學社會工作學系博士論文。
王順民等(1999)。《超越福利國家--社會福利的另類選擇》。台北:亞太。

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陳雅琪(2009)。不同俯臥弓身動作之肌電訊號分析〔碩士論文,國立臺灣師範大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0021-1610201315162952
陳郁樺(2014)。地方政府契約委外與信仰型非營利組織〔碩士論文,國立中央大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0031-0605201417534097
蔡明學(2015)。台灣地方推展志願服務簽約委外之研究:以桃園市志願服務教育訓練為例〔碩士論文,國立中央大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0031-0412201512084669

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