九二一地震後東南亞婚姻移民女性復原力之研究

Resilience of Female Migrant Spouses after the 921 Earthquake

王櫻芬(Ying-Fen Wang)

指導教授 ： 黃彥宜

國立暨南國際大學/人文學院/社會政策與社會工作學系/碩士(2015年)

https://doi.org/10.6837/NCNU.2015.00211

摘要

本研究探討東南亞婚姻移民女性來台生活遭逢九二一地震災難發生，遇到哪些困境？她們是如何發展因應策略以度過災後生活困境，進而能正向的適應生活，減緩災難帶來影響？以及她們與社會支持網絡接觸互動經驗，且社會支持網絡回應並促進其災後生活復原的情形。採用質性研究方法，以訪談方式訪問十一位東南亞婚姻移民女性，瞭解研究對象經歷九二一地震後，面對災後生活困境，是如何運用所處環境不同層面保護因素，建構與展現災後復原力，繼而從災難環境中重建與復原生活。
研究結果發現，東南亞婚姻移民女性的受災情況包括：來台首次遭逢地震，心理衝擊及負面身心反應增加；災前擔任主要照顧角色，災後此角色被持續擴大、加重負擔；災後環境品質欠佳、空間開放且住所簡陋，設施設備不足對女性帶來諸多不便；居住位置偏僻是取得救災資源資訊不利因素，且面臨城鄉差異的救災服務提供；災後震出貧窮家庭更為貧窮的問題，老式建築受損程度高，加重災後經濟負擔。此外，災難帶來的環境風險則有：災後就業機會銳減，家庭經濟受到衝擊；災後經濟壓力升高需加倍投入工作協助改善家計，但身份證問題讓就業機會受限；生活環境中的污名歧視議題，成為災後生活復原及就業過程不利因素；語言隔閡阻礙對災後資源資訊的接觸瞭解及運用。
最後，東南亞婚姻移民女性應對災後困境的策略，從個人、家庭及社會環境三層面保護因素展現其復原力，如正向轉化個人信念、從家人得到支持力量、藉由靠近生活圈且熟悉的非正式支持網絡、正式資源，擁有土地、累積語言資本、具有工作及經濟能力等面向，從中獲得克服生活困境的能量，逐步建立災後的復原力。

關鍵字

復原力 ； 災難 ； 婚姻移民女性 ； 921

並列摘要

This thesis discusses Southeast Asian females who were migrant spouses in Taiwan when the 921 Earthquake struck, and considers what kinds of difficulty they faced. How did they develop their coping abilities to overcome the suffering and recover from the effects of the disaster? It also concerns the interactive experiences of the female migrant spouses with their social support networks, and considers how the networks gave support and helped them to adapt to life after the disaster. Based on a qualitative research approach, I interviewed eleven Southeast Asian female migrant spouses to discover what protective factors they used to develop the resilience to survive the disaster and how they reconstructed their lives.
The findings of this research: The female migrant spouses were affected in five specific ways: Since it was the first time that they had encountered an earthquake, this aggravated the physical and mental impact on them; in their role as primary caregiver, these women carried the heaviest responsibility after the disaster; the environment after the disaster was in a very poor condition and it was particularly lacking in privacy, and this caused a great deal of inconvenience to these women; living in the remote areas where many do, obstructed the delivery of relief, information and the supply of resources; the disaster made poor families still poorer, and the old buildings where they lived were more severely damaged, resulting in even worse economic consequences. In addition to these factors, after the disaster these women also had to face a decline in job opportunities due to the impact of the earthquake on the economy; due to the bad economic situation, they needed to work still harder to improve their families’ lives, but their job opportunities were limited due to their lack of an identity card; the stigma and discrimination resulting from their living environments become additional factors hindering the reconstruction of their lives and careers; furthermore, the language barrier made it difficult for them to discover and make use of information regarding relief resources.
However, these female migrant spouses developed the resilience to adapt to their plight following the disaster through protective factors in their personal, family and social environments. These women have a positive faith and get strength from their families, from an informal support network, and from resources in the public domain, including ownership of land, accumulation of language skills, and employability. Since the 921 earthquake these female migrant spouses have progressed steadily toward developing their resilience.

並列關鍵字

Resilience ； Disaster ； Female Migrant Spouses ； 921

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