營養鹽及溫度對飲用水配水系統加氯控制生物膜能力之影響

本研究利用五座AR(annular reactors)系統進行實驗，五座膜片均為鑄鐵材質，初期在馴養生物膜階段五座系統控制條件均相同，馴養40天視為生物膜生長已達穩定後，五座AR系統分兩類來進行後續規劃的試程，第一類係三座AR系統均控制在相同溫度(20℃)下，改變進流水磷酸鹽濃度分別為0 mgl-1、0.06 mgl-1、0.12 mgl-1，另一類為三座AR系統進流水條件均相同，但控制在6℃、20℃及30℃三種不同溫度條件，兩類系統在四種加氯策略(分別1T 為0.92±0.1 mgl-1處理10天；2T 為9.82±1.10 mgl-1處理40天；3T 為9.96±0.81 mgl-1處理10天；4T 為0.92±0.15 mgl-1處理40天)及停止加氯後之放流水水質及生物膜去除特性之比較。在溫度條件為6℃、20℃及30℃之AR系統中，在經三因子ANOVA統計分析後，在四種加氯策略時對抑制出流水TDCs、抑制生物膜ATP、餘氯消耗量均有交互作用存在，但對抑制生物膜與出流水HPC、生物膜TDCs菌量無顯著交互作用存在；停止加氯處理後在生物膜及出流水HPC菌量回復、生物膜ATP、出流水TOC與DOC消耗情形亦有顯著交互作用存在(p值均<0.05)，在本研究中不管加氯劑量的高低(10 mg/L、1 mg/L)，只要加氯處理時間足夠，均能完全去除生物膜之生長，生物膜HPC菌量均隨著溫度的增加而使菌量回復量增加，且在本研究中三種不同溫度時，溫度的差異對餘氯消耗有顯著影響(p<0.05)，高溫系統明顯消耗餘氯量較大，在實驗結果中餘氯消耗量30℃＞20℃＞6℃。溫度條件為20℃時，在低、中與高磷營養鹽濃度的不同(0 mgl-1、0.06 mgl-1、0.12 mgl-1)之AR系統中，在四種加氯策略處理下，經三因子ANOVA統計分析後，對抑制生物膜TDCs及出流水TOC消耗情形有顯著交互作用存在，對系統內微生物抑制效力較小，但對生物膜HPC、ATP與出流水HPC、TDCs菌量抑制則無顯著影響；但在停止加氯處理後，則對出流水HPC菌量回復與TOC消耗情形則有顯著交互作用存在(p值均<0.05)，但生物膜HPC、ATP與餘氯消耗均無顯著交互作用存在。在營養鹽因子時對生物膜HPC菌量回復有顯著影響力(p<0.001)，高磷營養鹽回復菌量均為最大，且低磷營養鹽系統HPC回復量最小，在高劑量加氯處理時，在三種不同磷營養鹽系統均可有效去除出流水HPC菌量，但低劑量雖能大幅抑制HPC菌量卻無法完全去除。

關鍵字

飲用水配水系統；生物膜；餘氯； TOC ；磷營養鹽；溫度； AR

並列摘要

This research utilized five annular reactor (AR) systems to conduct the experiments. All ARs were casting iron materials. All systems were controlled under the same condition during the period of biofilms acclimating in the initial stage for about 40 days. Five ARs were divided into two categories.Firstly, experiments conducted under controlled temperature (20℃) to compare the effect of phosphates concentration (0 mgl-1、0.06mgl-1，0.12 mgl-1). Secondly, experiments conducted under controlled material (casting iron) to compare the effect of temperature (6, 20 and 30℃). Four control strategy for the chlorinated on two categories system (1 Treatment 0.92±0.1 mgl-1 maintained 10 days；2 Treatment 9.82±1.10 mgl-1 maintained 40 days；2 Treatment 9.96±0.81 mgl-1 maintained 10 days；4 Treatment 0.92±0.15 mgl-1 maintained 40 days, respectively).And stopped chlorination to compare for both effluent quality and biofilm killed.Experiments conducted under controlled temperature (20℃) to compare the effect of three phosphates concentration at levels (0 mgl-1、0.06mgl-1，0.12 mgl-1, respectively) on the AR system. And four control strategy chlorinated, To experience by three-factor ANOVA statistical test, Result showed significantly influenced interference on inhibit biofilms TDCs (total direct cell counts, TDCs) and TOC (total organic carbon, TOC) consumption. Bacteria inhibit efficacy little to counter with system. But on biofilms HPC(heterotroph plate count, HPC)、ATP (Adenosine tri-phosphate, ATP)、effluent HPC、TDCs no significantly influenced. But stopped chlorination treatment, Result showed significantly influenced interference on effluent HPC bacterias regrowth number and TOC consumption.(p < 0.05).But it no significantly influenced interference on biofilm HPC、ATP and residual chlorine concentration (RCC). Biofilm HPC bacteria number regrowth significantly influenced on nutrient factor. Hight phosphates concentration (0.12 mgl-1) is higher than any other test. And biofilm bacteria number regrowth is lower on low phosphates concentration system. In hight dose chlorine.In higher influent chlorine level treatment process , three phosphates concentration levels(0 mgl-1、0.06mgl-1，0.12 mgl-1, respectively), There will be no effluent HPC bacteria in the system that they cannot effective killed. In lower influent chlorine level treatment process effluent HPC bacteria reduced but no killed effluent HPC bacteria.Experiments conducted under controlled temperature(6℃、20℃ and 30℃, respectively), Three factor ANOVA test statistical, And four control strategy chlorinated, Result showed significantly influenced interference on inhibit Effluent TDCs、ATP、residual chlorine concentration consumption, but it showed no significantly influenced interference on biofilm HPC、TDCs and effluent HPC bacteria number reduce.But stopped chlorination treatment, Result showed significantly influenced interference on biofilm HPC、ATP regrowth bacteria numbet and effluent HPC 、TOC and DOC consumption (p<0.05).No matter what chlorine levels (10 mgl-1or 1 mgl-1) in the study. Biofilm HPC number killed with chlorine treatment times is enough, But biofilm HPC bacteria number also increased with the increase of temperature. In the study three different temperature, temperature levels could significantil impact on residual chlorine concentration (p<0.05).The residual chlorine concentration was highest at 30℃ system. A reverse result occurred at residual chlorine concentration to equal 30℃＞20℃＞6℃.