莫拉克風災與環境正義－社會工作的再思考

本研究主要探討莫拉克風災中的環境正義議題，透過訪談九位在地社區工作者，從分配正義、程序正義和差異肯認等三個面向分析致災成因、風災對不同群體帶來的衝擊與風險及災後重建政策對受災居民的影響。同時也對社會工作在教育和實務實施過於重視個案工作取向提出省思，倡議社會工作當更重視環境正義議題。災後重建政策直接影響受災民眾的生活，本研究也發現民眾在政策制定參與過程備受阻力，以及民眾與政府在政策規劃上看法和價值觀有所落差。此外，也整理了社區工作者對受災社區環境問題的因應策略，提供社會工作在教育與實踐的再思考，包括：將環境正義納入社會工作教育；在實務上，社會工作者可擔任轉譯者的角色，以協助在地知識的積累和作為居民與外來專家學者及政府官員間的溝通橋樑；及對在地組織當更加強深耕與培力。在介入方式上，也當更重視與政策制訂者間的對話與影響，透過由下而上的的社區草根組織工作，凝聚共識促成社會變革。

關鍵字

莫拉克風災；環境正義；程序正義；分配正義；差異肯認

並列摘要

This study probed environmental justice issues in the Morak Typhoon by interviewing with nine local community workers, and analyzed the cause of the disaster, the impact and risk of the disaster on different groups. The author used three elements of environmental justice to form a theoretical framework for analysis, which are distributions of justice, procedural justice and differential recognition. It pointed out the reflection that the education and practice of social work pay too much attention to casework, and advocate the social work should value the environmental justice issues more. The victims’ life are directly influenced by post-disaster recovery policies. This study also discovered that people were obstructed during the policy development process, and there was a gap between residents and the government in policy planning and values. Furthermore, it sorted of strategies those community workers responded to the environmental problem of affected communities in order to rethinking about social work education and practice, including social work education integrates with environmental justice; social workers serve as translators in practice to assist public to accumulate local knowledge, to act as a bridge among residents, outside scholars and government, as well as to empower local organizations. In the mode of intervention, social workers attach importance to the dialogue and influence of policymakers, and try to reach a consensus to promote social reform through local bottom-up community organizing.