越南糧食安全之研究

A Research on Vietnam's Food Security

蔡慶耀(Ching-Yao Tsai)

指導教授 ： 嚴智宏

國立暨南國際大學/人文學院/東南亞學系/碩士(2015年)

摘要

摘要
越南有9100萬人，人均耕地面積很少，有效的耕地總數不足，再加上海平面上升與氣候變遷，造成土地鹽化，影響越南稻米產量。雖然近年來越南經濟表現亮眼，已逐步的滿足人民在糧食上的需求，但隨著人口增加，農糧土地資源持續減少，其國內是否有充裕的稻米可供出口，來穩定世界糧食安全，一直是稻米進口國關心之議題。
　本文以越南糧食安全為主軸，由越南的糧產資源與土地政策切入，藉以了解越南的農糧政策與生產情況。再藉由越南1990年外交政策之改變，來解析越南稻米出口與世界貿易的進行。最後以越南的糧食安全政策為題，探究越南在稻米生產與出口政策運行下，越南糧食是否安全。
　本研究運用文獻分析法，參考國內外相關的文獻資料、期刊、學者專論及網路資料等，試圖從不同角度與面向進行資料分析，以瞭解越南農糧之情況。
　本研究發現如下：(一) 1988年起，越南已實現糧食自給之能力，成為世界第二大稻米出口國。(二) 2012年越南政府完成暫購儲量100萬噸稻米計畫指標，符合聯合國糧食庫存量比值不低於18％的安全線之標準。(三) 越南一直沒有放鬆對農業糧食生產的重視，還制定了國家糧食安全計畫，以保障國家糧食安全。(四) 越南存在的糧食安全疑慮有：(1)越南國內生活在貧困中的人的比例尚有3％。(2)因經濟成長率高，土地轉而種植其他經濟作物，可耕作面積逐年減少，影響越南稻米總產量。(3)提高稻米單位面積之產量，為越南政府當前之課題。

關鍵字：越南糧食安全，越南稻米出口，糧食安全

關鍵字

越南糧食安全 ； 越南稻米出口 ； 糧食安全

並列摘要

Abstract
Vietnam, with a population of around 91 million, has few arable lands for each person. Without sufficient arable lands, and with the rise of sea-level and the change of climate, Vietnam suffers from the salinization of soils and its impacts on rice production. Although Vietnam's economic performance has been brilliant and gradually met the needs of people on food in recent years, with the increase in population and the decrease of land resources, whether Vietnam has plenty of rices available for export has been the concern of rice importing countries.
The main concern of this research is food security of Vietnam. This research discusses food resources, land policies, the change of Vietnam's foreign policy in 1990, its rice export and its trade with the world. Finally, the research tries to evaluate whether the food security of Vietnam is fine by looking at the practice of policies of rice production and rice export.
The research is carried out based on the analysis of second-hand literatures. Different perspectives have been considered in order to have a better understanding of the situations of Vietnam.
The main findings of this research are as follows: (1) since 1988, Vietnam has achieved food self-sufficiency, and become the second largest rice exporter in the world. (2) In 2012, while the Vietnamese government completing the temporary purchase target of rice reserves plan - about 1 million tons - the stock ratio is not less than 18% of the food security level in accordance with the United Nation standards. (3) Vietnam always pays attention to food production, and develops the national plans of food security in order to ensure national food security. (4) There remain some problems: (i) About 3% of the population lives in poverty in Vietnam. (ii) More and more arable lands have been transformed for growing economic crops, influencing the total rice output of Vietnam. (iii) How to increase rice production per unit area? This is the current issue for the Vietnamese government.

Keywords: Vietnamese food security, Vietnamese rice exports, food security

並列關鍵字

Vietnamese food security ； Vietnamese rice exports ； food security

參考文獻

參考文獻

一、中文部分:

(一)中文專書

古小松、農立夫、劉建文(2010)《越南藍皮書-越南國情報告(2010)》。北京：社會科學文獻出版社。

古小松主編(2013)《越南報告:2012-2013》。北京：世界知識出版社。