大陸溫嶺市應用參與式預算對我國的啟發

Inspiration for Taiwan through the Application of the Participatory Budget Reform in Wenling City, China

劉美岑(Mei-Tsen Liu)

指導教授 ： 廖俊松

國立暨南國際大學/人文學院/公共行政與政策學系/碩士(2012年)

摘要

政府實施施政目標，其背後需有其「預算」相挺，施政及執行的基礎在於財源，但近年來，我國政府整體財政情況急速惡化，地方政府如何在有限的資金，做更有利於人民？本研究主要探討中國大陸在基層所產生的一些民主的表現，民眾參與的過程是否有其發揮功能？系絡因素是為何？然而，台灣是一個自由民主的國家，民主成熟度遠高於中國大陸，不論是在選舉方面、民意表達、制度革新都遠勝過威權體制發展，藉由此個案，是否帶給我們一些啟發。
以浙江省溫嶺市參與式預算為個案研究性質，透過深度訪談方式，藉由理論與訪談的配合之下，使其更具有信度與效度。根據本文研究發現：（一）大陸溫嶺模式：溫嶺參與式預算的發生是源自於民主懇談的延伸，有兩個較具代表性，分別為新河鎮「啟動基層人大職能的模式」與澤國鎮「審議式民調的模式」。歷經十多年不斷推展與深化，歸納有六大要因：政黨支持、領導重視、行政部門配合、人大支持、學者支持、市民參與。（二）台灣分析面向：透過此個案了解台灣是否有推行參與式預算之可能性，分別從社會面、技術面、行政面、政治面、與法律來論述，發現其目前為了有效推動共有的公共資源，公眾參與已不是可忽略，除了在行政程式法中有規定公民參與之外，機關首長的態度與公務員心態也必須調整，讓議題邁向多元化，普遍來說學者是肯定支持透過公民參與的方式來解決政策問題。另外，對民眾而言，過去從未參與政府決策過程，現今能夠進入政府議程中來決策，亦是民主過程中的一項邁進。

關鍵字

民主懇談 ； 參與式預算 ； 可行性分析

並列摘要

The government relies on budget support to implement its policies, that is to say, financial resources are its foundation. Considering our government's financial situation has deteriorated rapidly in recent years, the issue is what can the local government do to realize its people's benefits with limited budget? The research aims to explore the democratic performance generated from the grass-roots level in mainland China. Whether civil participation has brought its functions into full play? What are the contextual factors? However, Taiwan is a free and democratic society, whose democratic maturity is much higher than mainland China in terms of election, public opinion expression, and systematic renovation, which are far superior to the authoritarian system. The purpose of this study is to offer an insight of the case.

The report was charactized by a case study of the participatory budget reform in Wenling City, Zhejiang. The study conducted in-depth interviews, and incorporated theories with interviews, which enhanced its reliability and credibility. The findings of the research are listed below.
1、Wenling pattern: Participatory budget reform in Wenling was originated from an extension of the democratic consultation. Xinhe Zhen's ' initiating the function of grass-roots NPC pattern' in Xinhe and 'deliberative poll pattern' in Ze Guo Zhen are two typical examples. Wenling pattern has been implemented and deepened over a decade, which could attribute to six factors: party's support, leader's emphasis, administrative cooperation, NPC's support, scholars' support, and civil participation.
2、Taiwan analytic dimension: Through the case study, the research explored the possibility of implementing participatory budget reform in Taiwan in terms of the social aspect, technical aspect, administrative aspect, political aspect, and legal aspect. With a view to implementing public resources effectively, the findings revealed that civil participation shouldn't be omitted. Aside from civil participation defined in the Administrative Procedure Act, both ministers and government employees shall adjust their mindsets and open to diverse topics in the meeting. Generally speaking, scholars hold a positive attitude towards addressing policy issues through civil participation. In addition, as far as its citizens are concerned, they had never participated any government policy-making process. Now they are allowed to join the government meetings and take part in policy-making process, which is great advancement in democracy.

並列關鍵字

Democratic Talkfest ； Participatory Budget Reform ； feasibility analysis

參考文獻

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