杜威(John Dewey)美學理論及其在教學藝術上的應用

王怡婷(Yi-Ting Wang)

指導教授 ： 林逢祺

國立臺灣師範大學/教育學院/教育學系/碩士(2007年)

摘要

本研究以探究杜威美學思想為主旨，及其應用在教學藝術上之可能。杜威是本世紀著名的美國教育理論家，其哲學思想以經驗概念為基礎，他冀望撫平傳統哲學中理性與經驗、情感與理智、主體與客體的對立情形。
杜威注重生活經驗的價值，他認為經驗的形成得自於生物與環境產生的交互作用，故經驗是整全的統一體，紀錄了所有事件產生的過程與結果。藝術則是經驗發展完滿且成為連續運動時擁有的一種性質。擁有了審美性質的生活便擁有了一個經驗，審美經驗則是一個經驗具有連續性的動態節奏且達於完滿之際時的展現。完滿性意味著人類創作與欣賞之行為、情感與知覺之運作在經驗中的融合；連續性則使經驗的成長持續發生、源源不絕。
由是觀之，藝術與生活經驗緊密相關，教育也是人類生活中最重要的活動。若教育只是一味地因襲前人作法、毫無更新，則教師每日的教學活動將成為單調、機械的例行公事，同時也無法從教學活動中體會到藝術之樂。本研究以杜威美學中的理論精要作教學活動上的詮釋與應用，期望恢復教師教學及學生學習的樂趣，並從教學經驗中汲取藝術的性質。

關鍵字

杜威 ； 擁有一個經驗 ； 完滿 ； 連續 ； 教學藝術

並列摘要

The main aim of this study is to inquiry Dewey’s aesthetics theory, and the possible applying method of teaching art. Dewey was the great American educational theorists in twenty century, and his philosophy is based on the 「experience」 concept. He hoped to repair the gap between rationalism-empiricism, intellect-emotion and subject-object about traditional philosophy.
Dewey emphasized the values of ordinary life. He considered all the human activities had the common root in direct experience, regardless of moral, science, religion or art. The becoming of the experience comes form the living being, environment and their interaction, so it is a wholeness that records all the events happened including their processes and outcomes. And art is a quality which we can call 「having an experience」, when the experience develops consummately and becomes the continuous rhythm. Having an experience is to have life that has aesthetic quality, and aesthetic experience is the presentation which an experience has the continuous movement and achieves the consummation. Consummation has the significance that human being has the artistic and aesthetic behavior at the same time, and accompanies the emotion and perception that fused perfectly. Continuity represents there is a growth the happened constantly.
Dewey thought art and the ordinary life have the close relationship, and education is also the most important activity in lives. If education habitually follow the beaten paths, no renovation, the teacher’s work will become the anesthetic and mechanical routine that they can’t appreciate the art’s enjoyment inside the work. To help the teachers and their student participate in the classroom activities happily everyday, this study aims at interpreting Dewey’s aesthetic theory and applying it to the teaching practices.

並列關鍵字

John Dewey ； having an experience ； consummation ； continuity ； art of teaching

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