艾恩‧蘭德(A. Rand)的倫理學思想及其教育蘊義

黃淑華

指導教授 ： 林逢祺

國立臺灣師範大學/教育學院/教育學系/碩士(2011年)

摘要

本研究旨在討論艾恩‧蘭德（Ayn Rand）的客觀主義倫理學及其教育蘊義，透過深入理解並清楚呈現其理論主張後，再抽取出其中有關教育的相關概念，冀藉由本研究結果可對臺灣品德教育產生啟發與省思的作用。研究目的如下：
一、了解蘭德立基於理性利己觀的客觀主義倫理學要義
二、探討蘭德思想中的個人與群體，並重新思考二者間的關係
三、省思蘭德客觀主義倫理學之價值及限制
四、探究蘭德倫理學在教育上的意涵與啟示

首先，蘭德的主張極強調個人理性與利益，故本研究將焦點置於「理性利己」此一概念上，並探討個人生命價值；其次，與個人相對的集體概念則是蘭德所欲挑戰者；最後，探討蘭德的教育主張並從中理解個人理性思維於教育中扮演的重要角色。

透過上述探究之內容，我們可歸結如下結論，蘭德從個人生命經驗體會個人理性與自由的重要，而生命的價值便是為自己而活，每個人都應為自我而奮戰，教育應培育新知識分子，使之擔負起社會責任，成為一個勇於行動的思想者。因此，道德教育實應以理性利己作為根基，使個人此生過得有意義、快樂而幸福。

關鍵字

客觀主義 ； 理性自私 ； 理性利己

並列摘要

The main purpose of this research is to explore Ayn Rand’s thoughts about Objectivism and its implications for education. Through deeply understanding the ideas and propositions of Ayn Rand, this research focuses on the concepts about education, and introspecting the morality education of Taiwan.

The goals of this research are as follows:
1. To inquiry the meaning of Ayn Rand’s Objectivism which is based on rational self-interest.
2. To investigate the connotation and the relation between person and collective.
3. To introspect the valuation and limitation of Ayn Rand’s objectivist theory of ethics.
4. To explore the meaning of Ayn Rand’s ethics on education.

Firstly, Ayn Rand emphasizes on individual’s interest and ration, so that this research focuses on the concept of rational self-interest and inquiries individual value. Secondly, the concept of collective which is opposite to objectivity is what Ayn Rand has abominated. Finally, this research presents the important role of man’s rational thinking.

Above all, there are the conclusions as follows: Ayn Rand insists on man’s rational ability and freedom by her experience of early years. The value of life is to live proudly and fight for one’s own. Education has to train the new intellectuals who will take the responsibilities and act as thinkers. Moral education may base on the concept of rational self-interest, and make one’s life meaningful and happy.

參考文獻

趙淑妙（譯）（1995）。Richard Dawkins著。自私的基因（The selfish gene）。臺北市：天下文化。

黃藿（1996）。理性、德行與幸福：亞理斯多德倫理學研究。臺北市：臺灣學生。

孫振青（1996）。亞里斯多德的倫理學。臺北市：臺灣書店。

Rand, A. (1990c). Review of Aristotle by John Herman Randall, Jr. In Peikoff, L. (Ed.), The voice of reason: essays in objectivist thought(pp. 6-12). New York: Meridian.

Burns, J. (2006). Godless Capitalism: Ayn Rand. In Lichtenstein, N. (Ed.), American Capitalism: Social Thought and Political Economy in the Twentieth Century(pp. 271-290). University of Pennsylvania Press.