女性自覺團體方案對參加者女性主義意識的影響之研究

The Feminist Consciousness-Raising Groups’ Programs’ influences toward the feminist awareness of the participants

胡藹玲(Ai-ling Hu)

指導教授 ： 彭淑華

國立臺灣師範大學/教育學院/社會教育學系/碩士(2000年)

摘要

摘 要
台灣的婦女團體自1987年開始推展女性自覺團體至今已經超過十年，團體內容是根據全美婦女組織NOW（National Organization for Women）在1960、1970年代在全美各地所使用的女性主義意識覺醒團體（Feminist Consciousness-Raising Group）方案所改編而成，目的是藉由團體成員彼此的經驗分享，使參與者對女性在社會上共同的弱勢處境有所認知，拒絕社會賦予女性的傳統性別角色，並瞭解性別歧視是集體的問題，必須靠集體的方式與力量才能解決。本研究是以參與台北市女性權益促進會1999年某梯女性自覺團體的六位成員為研究對象，以質性研究的方式，透過參與觀察及訪談，來瞭解女性自覺團體對她們的女性主義意識有什麼樣的影響。
在十次共九個主題的團體討論中，本研究挑出較重要的三個主題：「強暴與暴力」、「女人、性與選擇」以及「母女關係」來做研究分析，再加上研究者另訂探討其性別角色認同、對女性處境的認識及對婦女運動的看法等之「整體性別意識」，從前訪、團體及後訪來瞭解她們對這四個議題的觀點有什麼轉變，其女性主義意識是否形成。研究者將女性自覺團體對這六位成員的影響大致分為四類：美秀為持原女性主義意識者、嘉宇為持原個人主義者、小亞為持原父權意識者，其他三位成員睫怡、佩玹與秋莉參加團體後，接受部分女性主義觀點，而其原有的父權意識正在解構中。另外，本研究也探討了六位成員參加團體的動機與需求、參加團體的感受與收穫、及對團體的建議或想法，以瞭解影響成員的團體參與度及女性主義意識接受度的因素。
整體來說，女性自覺團體要讓參與者意識到某些女性處境的普遍性以及改變其原有的行動或行動意願是較容易的，但是要讓她們瞭解到造成這些共同女性處境的原因--即父權社會結構的意識型態之運作，似乎較困難，故建議女性自覺團體可適度加強成員對這部分的理解，但應以不失去從經驗分享來體認女性處境的意義為前提。另外，對女性自覺團體運作方面的建議為：思考女性自覺團體的定位、加強團體的事前說明及成員的篩選、對帶領人經驗的注重、運用多元的素材及進行方式，以及對女性自覺團體的去污名化。

關鍵字

女性主義 ； 女性自覺團體 ； 女性意識 ； 女性主義意識

並列摘要

It has been over 10 years since the Feminist Groups of Taiwan began to promote and develop Feminist Consciousness-Raising Groups from1987, the contents of these groups were based on the programs used in all over the United States by NOW (National organization for Women) in 1960 and 70. The purposes of which are to make the participants recognize the minority situation women are facing in the society, reject the social traditional sexual role playing, and understand that the sexual discrimination is a collective problem, so that can only be solved in a collective way. The objects of this study are six members from the Feminist Consciousness-Raising Group held by the Taipei Association for the Promotion of Women’s Rights in 1999, through a way of quality research, participation, observation and interviews, researcher tries to understand the Feminist Consciousness-Raising Groups’ influences toward their feminist awareness.
In the ten times group discussion with nine main themes, this research picked out three main themes which are more important to analyze: “Rape and Violence” , “Women, Sex and Choices” and “Mother-Daughter Relationships”, add into other discussions made by researcher about “Collective Sexual Awareness” like the recognition of sexual role model, the awareness of the situation of women, and their point of view toward the feminist movement, from pre-interviews, groups discussions and post-interviews, researcher tries to realize the changes of their point of view about these four topics and find out whether there is a shaping process of feminism.
This research categorizes the influences toward the six members into four types: Mei-sho is the one who hold the original feminist consciousness, Gia-yu holds her original idea of individualism, Shiau-ya holds her original patriarchal thoughts, the other three members Jay-yi, Pei-shan and Cho-li accepts some thoughts of feminism after joined the group, their original thoughts of patriarchy are gradually de-constructing. Besides, this research also approaches the motivation and needs about why the six members joined the group, their feelings and gains from this group, and their suggestions and ideas about this group, to sort out the reasons which influence the members’ level of participation and how much they accept feminist consciousness.
On a whole, it is easier for the Feminist Consciousness-Raising Groups to make the participants aware the universality of some women’s situation and change their original action and willingness to act, but if you try to make them realize the reason which creates the women’s collective situation-- the activation from the ideology of the patriarchal society, it seems to become more difficult. So the suggestion is that these groups can strengthen the members realization of this part of problem, but the premise is to recognize the situation of women by a way of sharing their experiences. Besides, the suggestions to the operation of Feminist Consciousness-Raising Groups are: think about the position of these groups, strengthen the pre-explanation about them , and the sift through process of members, pay attention to the experiences of leaders, use multiple materials in group discussions, and the de-stigmatization of Feminist Consciousness-Raising Groups.

並列關鍵字

feminism ； Feminist Consciousness-Raising Groups ； Feminist Consciousness

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