探討簡易排煙設備對公寓套房火災之影響

本研究針對小坪數套房之火場特性進行分析，由相關法規及文獻資料收集彙整，探討火場影響因子之影響，包括(1)公寓套房設置排煙設備要件，(2)單位面積火載量，(3)熱流場特性，(4)煙流場特性，(5)逃生路徑，(6)火場延燒特性。研究結果顯示，現行法規雖無須設置機械式排煙或自然排煙設備，若套房設置硫化銅門，將具有一定防火時效，火勢將侷限於密閉空間內，如套房內火勢未於時間內獲得有效控制時，火勢會藉由窗戶開口及建築物管道間往較高樓層擴大延燒。逃生路徑主要受到熱、煙流場之影響，因此本研究係建議將目前窗戶修改成自然排煙窗並且將浴廁內排風機及風管提升耐燃層級以上且可於火災發生時自動啟動以輔助自然排煙窗，達到延遲室內溫度上升、煙層下降之效益。

關鍵字

自然排煙設備；浴廁排風扇設備；熱流場；煙流場

並列摘要

This research explores the characteristics of the fire in the suite. According to the literature review, relevant laws and regulations, there are various parameters that could impact the fire situation. For instance, the essential elements of Discharges Fume in the suite design, the fire load per unit area, the characteristics of heat flow, smoke flow field characteristics, escape path and fire spread characteristics. The study indicates that it is neither compulsory to set up mechanical nor natural smoke extraction equipment based on the existing regulations and laws. Therefore, the suite with copper sulfide door would works as a certain fire barrier wall. In other words, the fire would be confined to limited space. Conversely, the fire within the suite is not successfully in time control, the fire will expand to higher floors through the window openings and building pipes.On the other hand, the escape route is mainly affected by the heat and smoke flow field. Therefore, this study suggests that the current window could be modified into a natural smoke window. Besides, the bath exhaust fan and air duct can be upgraded above the flame retardant level. In the meantime, it can be activated automatically to assist natural smoke window when the fire occurs to delay the indoor temperature rise and smoke accumulation.