精神障礙犯罪狀況及再犯分析

Crime Behaviors and Recidivism among Persons with Mental Disorder

李偉如(Wei-Ju Li)

指導教授 ： 林育聖

國立臺北大學/社會科學學院/犯罪學研究所/碩士(2013年)

摘要

隨著精神障礙患者的增加與治療的匱乏，精神障礙者的犯罪問題，已成為倍受關注的議題。刑事司法系統雖對精神障礙犯罪者有其特殊規範，然再犯行為仍不時發生。因此，本研究希望藉由了解精神障礙者的犯罪狀況，探討影響再犯之因素，試圖對精神障礙之再犯問題提出預防策略。
本研究以高等法院民國89年至100年底，符合刑法第十九條第一、二項規定且曾受有刑事精神鑑定之裁判書為研究樣本，透過描述性統計、卡方檢定與邏輯迴歸等方法，解釋樣本特性，分析治療變項、犯罪變項對再犯之影響。
(一)對456名精神障礙犯分析其犯罪特徵，發現：
1.45.4%診斷為精神分裂症，41.7%的治療狀態為間斷性；50%沒有前科，62.1%需服刑，58.8%不需監護處分。犯罪類型上，有27%是殺人、22.8%是竊盜，有66.2%的被害者是陌生人，經比較後發現，暴力犯其被害對象為親友的比例，高於財產犯或其他犯罪。
2.在52名(11.4%)再犯者之犯行中，51.9%在審判期間發生，平均時間為25.62(月) ，有50%是竊盜，有51.9%前案判決未執行完畢。
(二)對326名精神障礙犯，分析再犯之影響因素，發現：
1.間斷治療(OR=5.17)、有前科(OR=21.61)達顯著差異，精神分裂症診斷、智能障礙診斷、是否物質使用、犯罪類型、有無刑責、有無監護處分等變項皆沒有顯著差異。
結論：間斷治療、有前科是影響精神障礙者再犯的因素，建議當局儘早整合司法與醫療相關單位，對社區精神障礙者狀況進行調查、登記，對有暴力行為或犯罪記錄的病患實施監控，並提供補助與協助家屬監護。落實監督、治療與後續追蹤等，避免再犯發生。

關鍵字

精神障礙 ； 精神鑑定 ； 刑法第十九條 ； 監護處分 ； 再犯

並列摘要

As a result of the high prevalence of mental disorder and insufficient treatment, the crime committed by mentally disordered has received much attention, besides there has been a marked increase in the level of recidivism.This study aims to explore the status of crime behaviors and factors that influence the recidivism among persons with mental disorders.
The court verdicts related to 19th of criminal law and forensic psychiatric evaluation were collected from high courts (Taiwan high court, Taiwan high court Taichung and Hualien branch court) during 2000 to 2010. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square and logistic regression were employed to analyze the court verdicts among 456 mentally disordered offenders and the results show that:
1.45.4% were diagnosis of schizophrenia, 41.7% were treatment dropout, 50% were no previous convictions, 62.1% were no sentences and 58.8% were no custody. About types of offense, 27% were murder and 22.8% were larceny, 66.2% victims were strangers.
2.52 of all subjects were reoffended, 50% of which were larceny, 51.9% of all recidivism occurred during judgment (mean duration:2.1 years), and 51.9% which prior sentence were executed.
Analyzed the treatment variables and criminal, the result show that:
1.treatment dropout (OR=5.17) and previous convictions (OR=21.61)were significantly associated with high risk of recidivism. However, schizophrenia diagnosis, mental retardation diagnosis, substance use, offense type, sentence, custody could not predict recidivism significantly.
The results of the logistic regression model indicated that mentally disordered offenders who had prior conviction and treatment dropout were more likely to be the group with high recidivism rate. Based on the findings of current study, the following suggestions were provided:
1.Built a close relationship between mental health system and criminal justice system.
2.Monitor mentally disordered patients in community especially those patients with crime records and violent tendencies to ensure them receiving adequate treatments.
3.To assist guardians in supervision and provide more medical subsidies.

並列關鍵字

Mental disorder ； forensic psychiatric evaluation ； Article 19 of criminal law ； disposition of custody ； recidivism

參考文獻

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