新住民社會福利服務可近性之探討-以三重地區為例

THE STUDY OF ACCESSIBILITY OF SOCIAL SERVICES FOR NEW IMMIGRANTS: AN EXAMPLE OF SANCHONG CITY

郭怡伶(Yi-Ling Kuo)

指導教授 ： 唐先梅

國立臺北大學/社會科學學院/社會工作學系/碩士(2009年)

摘要

本研究主要目的乃從服務提供者的角度，探討新住民接收福利訊息的管道，以及影響其接收訊息或使用服務的因素，以Andersen於1968年提出的健康行為模式為基礎，從前置要素、使能要素與需求要素瞭解新住民使用社會福利服務的狀況。透過深度訪談法，分別訪談三重地區的6位服務提供者與6位新住民，以及5位家人，確實瞭解新住民的服務可近性問題。
服務提供者傳遞服務訊息的方法中發現：(1)政府單位與民間單位傳送訊息方式有差異；(2)宣傳對象不僅限於新住民，也應考慮其家人；(3)新住民人際網絡愈廣，愈能接收到訊息。在影響新住民接收訊息或使用服務的因素中發現：(1)前置要素：A. 新住民家庭狀態與文化差異的重要性；B. 子女是新住民學習的動力，也是阻力。(2)使能要素中則包含：A. 家人支持態度會隨著時間發展的信任關係而改變；B. 豐富課程吸引使用，但目標與進度需提供者與使用者協調。(3)需求要素的部分則有：A. 新住民需求意識的產生；B. 服務提供者不應抱著新住民皆應出來接受服務的迷思；C. 新住民的需求為層次性的發展。
建議服務提供者需有時間與家庭脈絡的思考，以規劃出系統性的服務架構，滿足不同需求的新住民與家庭。而Andersen所提出的架構因為是從健康行為模式的觀點，運用在新住民服務的可近性方面，並無法能充分的適用。未來的研究應有更多層次性的架構，而非視所有新住民在同一立足點上，應依據新住民家庭所處的生命週期，工作的需求，來台的時間等因素，使能更完整的了解新住民在福利服務的使用。

關鍵字

新住民 ； 可近性 ； 社會福利服務

並列摘要

The main purpose of this research is from the social welfare providers’ points to investigate message channels from which the new immigrants can receive and retrieve the social welfare news, and to discuss the effects on those channels, as well as the influences on how new immigrants use those programs of social welfare. This research framework is based on Andersen’s 1968 behavior model, which includes three components: predisposing component, enabling component, and demand component. By taking the depth interview, we visit 6 social welfare service providers, 6 new immigrants, and 5 family members. We are supposed to understand correctly the accessibility of the new immigrants’ service.
In the social welfare providers’ message delivering methods, we found that:（1）The message delivering between government agency and non-government agency are not the same.（2）The target of the message delivering includes not only the new immigrants themselves, but also their family members.（3）The broader of the new immigrants’ interpersonal network is, the more information they receive.
This research also finds some effects on the new immigrants to receive the service news and how they use the service. （1）The predisposing components include: A. new immigrant family condition and cultural difference should be considered. B. children can be the key to push new immigrants to improve themselves; on the other hand children are also barriers to resist development.（2）The enabling components contain: A. the family supports to participate programs will improve along with time, when the trust relationship between new immigrants and family members get better. B. the rich curricula attract the new immigrants to use, but the goal and the progress of the curriculum are needed to be coordinated with the provider and user. （3）The demand components include: A. the demands of new immigrants will be the first step to use the service. B. the welfare service provider should not hold the myths that all new immigrants should be the end users of the social welfare service. C. the need of the new immigrants is hierarchical that should be processed step by step.
Therefore we suggest that service provider must have the time and the family context thinking, and work out a systematic service structure to meet the need of the new immigrants and their families.
The Andersen’s behavior model can not be totally applied to this accessibility study in Taiwan, since three components in Andersen’s model can not be clearly divided in this application. The future study should develop a multi-level demands framework of new immigrants’ service, since the family life stage, needs of work, and how long they are stay in Taiwan can affect the needs and using of programs for new immigrants.

並列關鍵字

new immigrants ； accessibility ； social welfare services

參考文獻

夏曉鵑(2003)。實踐式研究的在地實踐：以「外籍新娘識字班」為例。台灣社會研究，49，1－47。

夏曉鵑(2000)。資本國際化下的國際婚姻－以台灣的「外籍新娘」現象為例。台灣社會研究，39，45－92。

陳亞甄(2006)。外籍配偶先生的婚姻觀與婚姻生活。花蓮：慈濟大學社會工作研究所碩士論文。

倪佳華(2006)。東南亞外籍配偶之福利服務需求與使用情形之探討－以伊甸基金會之高雄縣外籍配偶0－6歲子女生活狀況調查資料檔為例。台中：靜宜大學青少年兒童福利學系碩士論文。

蕭昭娟(2000)。國際遷移之調適研究：以彰化縣社頭鄉外籍新娘為例。台北：國立臺灣師範大學地理研究所博士論文。