結合規範中自我預防及治癒機制之研究─以歐體競爭法為中心

Research on Merger Remedies─Focusing on European Union Competition Law

林智瑋(Chih-Wei Lin)

指導教授 ： 何之邁

國立臺北大學/法律學院/法律學系/碩士(2008年)

摘要

在當事人提出結合申請案之後，競爭主管機關將會作出禁止決定或是許可決定。關於前者，僅指事業的結合將有害於競爭秩序的情形；至於後者，除了事業的結合所產生的經濟利益將大於限制競爭之不利益的情形外，尚包含另外一種情形，即計畫的結合可能有害於競爭秩序，而當事人向競爭主管機關提出一定之承諾，使競爭秩序不致受到損害，並確保原本在市場上的競爭在事業結合之後可以繼續保持，以獲得執委會的許可決定。而此種情形即為結合規範中的自我預防及治癒機制。
歐體競爭法中結合規範內的自我預防及治癒機制乃為「治癒制度」，其主要內涵如下：當事業之結合可能導致結合的當事人的市場力量的產生或是增強，並使得原來在市場中的有效競爭遭受到破壞。由於歐體執委會沒有權力准許它已經發現會重大地阻礙在共同市場中，或是其重要部分中的有效競爭的集中。此時，為了獲得執委會的許可決定，當事人可能在結合程序的第一階段或第二階段中，向執委會提出承諾，使得集中可以相容於共同市場。如果該承諾為執委會所接受，則當事人所提出的結合申請將獲得許可。
為了能夠深入探討歐體結合規範中的自我預防及治癒機制之內涵，本文擬從探研歐體競爭法中的「治癒制度」為核心，包括學說以及實務上的發展，並且輔以美國法上對於此機制的相關見解。本文在架構編排上，第二章先就歐體競爭法中的結合規則作一概述，包括程序規定以及實體規定。第三章係就治癒制度在歐體競爭法中的發展變遷及其相關規範作一介紹，而治癒制度的發展又分別從法制上及實務上兩個方面觀察。第四章係治癒制度的基本概念，包含治癒之內涵及目的、適用治癒的一般原則，以及治癒的分類。第五章是治癒制度的規範面，主要是介紹執委會所發佈的「治癒通告」，分為實體規定及程序規定兩個部分加以說明。前者包含治癒的類型及其內涵；後者是有關當事人必須遵守之程序上要求。第六章是關於治癒制度的實務面，乃就治癒制度之成效作一檢討，以及探討歐體實務上的相關案例。第七章係有關自我預防及治癒機制在我國的發展，特別是實務上的發展。最後第八章為本文之結論。
本篇論文之目的，除了介紹歐體結合規範的治癒制度之外，並希望能夠提供作為公平會在處理結合案件時的參考。

關鍵字

歐體競爭法 ； 結合管制 ； 治癒 ； 資產分割 ； 結合補救措施 ； 好樂迪錢櫃申請結合案

並列摘要

After merging parties` notification and the process of the assessment, competition authority will make a decision of prohibition or clearance. The former one represents that the merger will threaten effective competition, and the latter one, in addition to the circumstances that economic interests of the merger is more significant than the damage of the restrictive competition, also the notifying parties provide the commitments to ensure that the competition situation won’t be harmed by merger, and the original competition in the market will continue after merger, when the proposed merger is likely to jeopardize the competition. This is so called “the self-prevention and remedy mechanism” of the merger regulation.
The self-prevention and remedy mechanism of merger regulation in EU competition law is “the system of Remedy”（“Remedy”）, its meaning is when the proposed merger probably creates or strengthens the parties` market power, and therefore competition in the market will be distorted. Because the EC Commission has no power to authorize a concentration that it has found to impede significantly the effective competition in the common market or in a substantial part, at this time, the parties will offer commitments to the Commission during the proceeding of the PhaseⅠor Phase Ⅱ for the decision of clearance. If the Commission concludes these commitments will render the concentration compatible with the common market, it will approve the merger.
For explaining the self-prevention and remedy mechanism of the EU merger control, this article will discuss about “Remedy” in detail, attempting to know it well. The following is the framework of this article:
1. Illustration the purpose and methods of this study.
2. The Overview of the EC Merger Regulation, both procedural and substantive provisions.
3. Introduction of the development of “Remedy”, from the aspect of legislation and practice, and the related regulations of “Remedy”.
4. The conception of “Remedy”, regarding the implication and purpose of remedy, the general principle when applying the remedy and the category of remedy.
5. With reference to the most important regulation of “Remedy”－ Commission`s Notice on Remedies, about procedural and substantive provisions.
6. The review of the effect of “Remedy” and the relevant cases.
7. Exploration the development of the self-prevention and remedy mechanism in Taiwan, especially in practice.
8. The conclusion.
This article is to introduce the self-prevention and remedy mechanism of the EU merger control－“Remedy”, and hope to support the Fair Trade Commission when addressing the merger cases.

並列關鍵字

EU competition law ； merger control ； remedies ； divestiture ； commitments

參考文獻

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