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影響更生人成功再就業關鍵因素之研究

A Study on the Key Factors Leading to Successful Employment of Discharged Offenders

指導教授 : 翁興利
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摘要


一、本研究之目的,除了希望能發現影響更生人成功再就業之關鍵因素有那些及關鍵因素之間的因果影響關係,進而對法務部矯正署於101年10月16日所提出之「脫胎&築夢—矯正機關收容人多元就業媒合方案」,其政策方案執行方向來做一分析瞭解,提出建議意見,如何藉由多元就業媒合方案推動,有效幫助更生人出監後順利再就業重新出發,適於社會生活,並降低其再犯罪之風險機率。 二、本研究根據上揭研究目的所提出的研究問題有以下三點:一、探討影響更生人成功就業關鍵因素中在更生人面、企業雇主面及政府面,三方面之關鍵因素有那些?二、探討影響更生人成功就業關鍵因素之間的相對重要性為何? 那些因素是比較重要的?使政府能將有限資源先投注在此相對重要的因素上。三、探討影響更生人成功就業關鍵因素之間的因果關係為何?瞭解關鍵因素彼此之間的相互關聯程度及相互影響程度,使政府在更生人就業輔導政策執行上,能針對關鍵因素規劃出標本兼治確實有效的政策。 三、本研採用之研究方法有:焦點團體訪問法、德菲法、問卷調查法及決策實驗室法。 四、研究結果發現: (一)影響更生人成功就業關鍵因素有12點 1、政府多開辦更生人建教合作之技能訓練。2、政府多開發更生人就業機會。3、政府多結合社會資源協助更生人就業。4、政府帶頭示範雇用更生人。5、企業主對更生人的接納包容。6、企業主提供之工作具吸引性。7、企業之徵才條件(不雇罪名)明確。8、更生企業主之創業成功案例。9、更生人本身具符合職場技能。10、更生人本身具正確就業心態。11、更生人本身能掌控自我情緒。12、更生人就業之家庭支持功能強。 (二)關鍵因素相對重要性 1、最突顯的2因子「更生人本身具正確就業心態」及「企業主對更生人的接納包容」。 2、就業媒合的成功條件中,「更生人本身著力面」是決定性的重要因素。 3、政府應優先從「企業主對更生人的接納包容」著力,再進行「結合社會資源協助更生人就業」的作為,較有成效。 (三)關鍵因素間的因果關係 1、政府多開辦更生人建教合作之技能訓練,其影響其他因子程度為最高。 2、政府面因素,在這就業媒合三方面影響關係上,是最居影響性,最能影響更生人及企業主的改變。 3、更生人就業之家庭支持功能,在12點因子中,是屬於受到其他因子影響的程度是最高。 4、更生人面因素,在這就業媒合三方面影響關係(更生人、政府及企業主)上是最為被動受影響。 5、「企業主對更生人的接納包容」單項因子,在這12點重要影響因子上,是關聯度最高的因子。 6、政府面因素的關聯度是大於更生人因素的關聯度,所以政府的輔導更生人就業作為態度非常重要。 7、促成更生人成功就業之因果關係中,偏向為影響因素之「因」有:企業之徵才條件(不雇罪名)明確、更生企業主之創業成功案例、政府多開辦更生人建教合作之技能訓練、政府帶頭示範雇用更生人、企業主提供之工作具吸引性及企業主對更生人的接納包容。 8、促成更生人成功就業之因果關係中,偏向為被影響因素之「果」有:政府多開發更生人就業機會、政府多結合社會資源協助更生人就業、更生人本身具正確就業心態、更生人本身能掌控自我情緒、更生人本身具符合職場技能及更生人就業之家庭支持功能強。 9、更生人本身是最具決定性因素(更生人本身是決定就業與否之主體)、政府面是最具影響性因素(政府對更生人的就業輔導作為最能影響其他因素之促成)、企業主面在因果關係中,是最具偏向為影響因素之「因」的起始因子(有企業主初始的雇用與否更是一切就業關係成功的發端)。

並列摘要


I. The objective of this study is to discuss the key factors leading to discharged offenders successfully finding jobs, and the cause and effect relationships among these factors. Furthermore, this study seeks to provide an analysis of a program launched by the Agency of Corrections, Ministry of Justice on October 16, 2012, titled “Rehabilitation and Reintegration: Diverse Employment Opportunities for Discharged Inmates of Correctional Facilities.” In addition to offering suggestions and opinions, the study presents how the implementation of this program can help discharged inmates of correctional facilities regain employment opportunities, reintegrate into society, and help reduce the overall rate of criminal recidivism. II. According to the objective mentioned above, this study focuses on three main points: 1.study of the key factors leading to successful employment of discharged offenders, from the perspectives of discharged offenders, employers or corporations that offer these job opportunities, and the government. What are key factors in each of these aspects? 2.discussion of the relative importance of each of these key factors. Which factors seem to be relatively more important that others? Focusing on the relatively more important factors will help government make better use of their limited resources. 3.exploration of the cause and effect relationships among these key factors. By understanding the relationships of various factors and how they affect each other, the government can implement policies that are conducive to providing more effective employment counseling for discharged offenders. III. The methodologies used in this study include: focus group interviewing method, the Delphi method, questionnaire survey method, the DEMATEL (Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory) method. IV. Study Findings: (I) There are 12 key factors that lead to the successful employment of discharged offenders. They are: 1. Promotion of cooperative education by the government to provide professional training to discharged offenders; 2. Development of employment opportunities for discharged offenders by the government; 3. Integration of social resources by the government to help discharged offenders gain work opportunities; 4. Examples of government agencies employing discharged offenders; 5. Acceptance shown towards discharged offenders by the employer; 6. Job opportunities offered by employers appeal to discharged offenders; 7. Clear recruitment conditions appeal to discharged offenders; 8. Successful cases of discharged offenders starting their own businesses; 9. Discharged offenders possess specific skills required by jobs offered; 10. Positive attitude of discharged offenders towards employment; 11. Discharged offenders are capable of managing their emotions 12. Employment fulfills discharged offenders’ need to support family. (II) The relative importance of various key factors 1. The two most important factors are “positive attitude of discharged offenders towards employment” and “acceptance shown towards discharged offenders by the employer.” 2. Among the factors leading to successful job matching, the “diligence of discharged offender” plays a decisive and important role. 3. The government should make efforts to encourage “acceptance shown towards discharged offenders by the employer,” then work on the “integration of social resources to help discharged offenders gain work opportunities.” to achieve more effective accomplishments. (III) The cause and effect relationships among key factors: 1. “Promotion of cooperative education by the government to provide professional training to discharged offenders” has the highest degree of influence among key factors . 2. The government, among the aforementioned three aspects, has the highest degree of influence that can lead to changes in the discharged offenders and the employers. 3. Among the 12 key factors, the factor “employment fulfills need to support family by discharged offenders” is most likely to be influenced by other factors. 4. The discharged offender, among the aforementioned three aspects (discharged offender, government and employer), plays the most passive role and is most likely to be influenced by other aspects. 5. The factor “acceptance shown towards discharged offenders by the employer,” among the 12 key factors, shows the highest degree of correlation to other factors. 6. The degree of correlation of the government is greater than that of the discharged offender; thus, counseling provided by the government, and the attitude shown by the discharged offender, are very important. 7. Among the cause and effect relationships of factors leading to successful employment of discharged offenders, factors leaning towards “cause” include: “Clear recruitment conditions appeal to discharged offenders,” “successful cases of discharged offenders starting their own businesses,” “promotion of cooperative education by the government to provide professional training to discharged offenders,” “examples of government agencies employing discharged offenders,” “job opportunities offered by employers appeal to discharged offenders,” and “acceptance shown towards discharged offenders by the employer.” 8. Among the cause and effect relationships of factors leading to successful employment of discharged offenders, factors leaning towards “effect” include: “Development of employment opportunities for discharged offenders by the government,” “integration of social resources by the government to help discharged offenders gain work opportunities,” “positive attitude of discharged offenders towards employment,” “discharged offenders are capable of managing their emotions,” “discharged offenders possess specific skills required by jobs offered,” and “employment fulfills discharged offenders’ need to support family.” 9. Discharged offenders themselves play the most decisive role in successful employment (they are the subjects who decide whether they want to be employed); the government plays the most influential role (employment counseling services provided by the government can impact other factors); the employers, or corporations that offer job opportunities, play a role that leans towards the “cause” aspect of the cause and effect relationships among all factors (the employer’s decision to employ a discharged offender is the beginning of a successful employment relationship).

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