本論文探討2009年至2013年臺灣縣市轄區內貧富差距的情況以及影響因素。過去有關貧富差距文獻大部分都集中在國家層次的探討,深入縣市層次的探討有其意義但是目前很缺乏,因此本研究歸納過去有關貧富差距議題的研究,在控制其他影響因素下,筆者將「地方政府政策因素」、「中央政府一般性補助款」、「政治因素」以及「縣市資本所得」作為本文的研究主軸,希望透過實證性的研究途徑,運用多變量模型觀察上述四個面向的因素對於縣市轄區內貧富差距的影響。 本論文發現,臺灣縣市貧富差距的情況並不一致,貧富差距比較和緩的縣市皆是都會區的縣市,而貧富差距比較嚴重的縣市則皆為非都會區的縣市。而在影響因素方面,第一,地方政府政策因素,縣市以自身力量投入在社會福利政策上的資源,能夠減緩貧富差距。第二,中央政府一般性補助款中的社會福利補助與教育補助不但沒有重分配效果,甚至會使縣市貧富差距的情況變嚴重。由此可知,縣市層次的貧富差距問題,地方政府的社會福利比較有減緩貧富差距的效果。第三,政治因素方面,民進黨執政的縣市貧富差距都比泛藍執政的縣市和緩,過去的文獻指出民進黨比較注重社會福利政策,因此使得民進黨執政的縣市貧富差距都比較和緩。最後,縣市的平均資本所得愈高,縣市轄區內的貧富差距愈和緩,這似乎和過去的研究發現不一致。不過,我們的這項發現並沒有很全面性的以及夠強的證據。以上這些發現讓我們有更多實證結果,來瞭解臺灣縣市轄區內貧富差距的情況及影響因素。
This thesis explores the determinants of economic inequality within cities and counties in Taiwan from 2009 to 2013. The author asks whether the gap of income distribution within cities or counties have been decreased due to the distributive benefits (block grant) from central government of Taiwan. Except for the effects of block grants, some other factors may influence the income inequality within cities or counties. First of all, the political factors of cities or counties themselves maybe at work, for example, the party affiliation of mayor or counties- in- chief, divided or unified government in local level etc... Secondly, the policy factors would play roles. The policy preferences of mayor or counties- in- chief usually shape the policy output. If mayor and counties-in-chief prefer alleviating the uneven distribution of income, they will put lots of resources on social welfare and education expenditures. Third, the social and economic conditions should be controlled for, for example, the proportion of the elderly people, the human capital, and economic products. Multivariate models are employed to estimate the effects of possible factors. Although some hypotheses are not supported by statistical findings in this thesis, there still have lots of policy implications that the author would extensively discuss, such as the effect of block grants from central government, capital gain, and the spending of social welfare and education from local government. This thesis makes considerable contribution on the extant studies of redistributive policy in Taiwan, because so limited research explicitly deals with the city or county level empirically. The contribution is not only significant in Taiwan studies, but also in the field of redistributive studies as a whole.
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