台北舊城區文化資產保存歷程之研究-以公共領域的觀點

A Study on the Conservation Process in Taipei Old City-Based on the Conception of Public Sphere

辜啟修(KU,CHI-SIOU)

指導教授 ： 郭肇立

國立臺北大學/公共事務學院/都市計劃研究所/碩士(2011年)

摘要

台北城是台灣最後一個依據傳統中國城池規格建造的城市，早期與艋舺、大稻埕合稱「台北三市街」。清領時期的台北城主要是以政治、宗教做為它的城市定位；日治時期台北城受到日人對於歐洲城市的嚮往，利用「市區改正」對台北城進行現代化的改造，也奠定了台北城迄今的基礎規模。同時，日本人對於台北城的文化資產保存雖以「調查研究」為主，但也不乏「尊重傳統」例子，同時《史蹟名勝天然紀念物保存法》也成為台北舊城區最早的文化資產保存法令依據；台灣光復後至70年代，文化資產的保存進入了「黑暗期」，古蹟與歷史建物不受尊重與認同，進而被破壞，形成台灣文化的嚴重浩劫。70年代以後，鄉土文化與民主思潮逐漸興起，文化資產的保存進入了「轉化期」，文化資產漸漸被重視。但事實上由於台北舊城區位居首都地位的特殊性，文化資產保存遲遲未上軌道並顯的遲緩。終至80年代台灣解嚴，在「政治氛圍改變」與「經濟中心轉移」的因素下，舊城區內的文化資產保存工作才得以展開。然而台北舊城區的高度的政治性格並未因此放棄干擾文化資產保存。

本研究以「公共領域」的觀點出發，並與其相關理念(市民社會、公共空間、親密關係、集體記憶)來論述。首先探討台北舊城區從清領迄今的空間建構過程，除了瞭解台北舊城區的空間紋理與價值外，更希冀探究「公共領域」開展的可能性；爾後以不同尺度(台灣整體與台北舊城區)來探討文化資產保存的歷程情況，以瞭解其發展脈絡與相互的關聯性，並論述「公共領域」在文化資產保存歷程中的掙扎與契機。

本研究發現台北舊城區文化資產保存的公共領域產生質變，主要因素為「內部公共領域的缺席」與「外部公共領域的入侵」致使舊城區內的文化資產成為「政治角力的戰場」與造成「集體記憶的扭曲」；本研究認為最根本因素在於公部門的強勢干預造成第三部門(社區發展協會)衰敗且舊城區內居民主體性(subjectivity)的缺乏致使公共領域無法順利開展；故未來應加強台北舊城區的「空間營造」與「發展管制」並建立「連繫網絡」以構築出在地居民的公共領域來成為保存舊城區文化資產的力量。

關鍵字

台北舊城區 ； 文化資產保存 ； 公共領域

並列摘要

According to the style of traditional Chinese city and moat, Taipei Old City is the last place in Taiwan which follows the rule; the old city was called “San-Shyh-Steert in Taipei” and also included Monga and Da-Dao-Cheng. In the Qing Dynasty, Taipei Old City positioned itself with politics and religion. During the Japanese-occupied period, as Japanese aspired to the style of European city, Taipei town was modernistically reconstructed by the method of “City Improvement.” Meanwhile, the cultural heritage conservation of Taipei town was mainly based on “Investigation and survey” by Japanese government; that is, there was no lack of the cases of “respecting for its tradition”.Taking the “Preservation Law of the Historic, Scenic and Natural Monument” for example, it was the earliest regulation and basis of cultural heritage conservation in Taipei. In the Taiwan Restoration years, cultural heritage had gone through “dark period” of conservation until 70s, which the heritage and historical buildings were less respected and recognized, and they were even destroyed. Namely, that period was the serious cultural disaster in Taiwan. After 70s, local culture and democratic ideological trend had been awaked and spread, so cultural heritage conservation had been brought into the period of “transforming,” which the cultural heritage was gradually valued by public. However, as the Taipei Old City has been the capital city, its speciality has made the process of cultural heritage conservation slowly develop. In 80s, when Taiwan declared martial law ended, Taipei Old City had the following phenomena: “the change of political atmosphere” and “ the shift of economic center.” Although, in 80s, the conception of cultural heritage conservation just spread out relatively further, the political characteristics of Taipei Old City have never abandoned its interference with cultural heritage conservation.

This study starts with the statement of “ Public Sphere,” and discusses related conceptions, including civil society, public space, Intimate relation, and collective memory. At first, it explores the whole process of space construction in Taipei Old City from Qing Dynasty to the present; this study also would like to enhance the possibility of developing “Public Sphere,” besides realizing space pattern and value of Taipei Old City. Furthermore, in order to realize the conservation process and mutual connection with other factors, this is followed by some background information on the ongoing study within which the different points were carried out (according to the whole Taiwan and to Taipei Old City) and a discussion over the history and the situations on cultural heritage conservation. Also, in terms of “public sphere”, it debates the struggle and turning point over this evolution of cultural heritage conservation.

Result of this study showed, that the metamorphosis into public sphere of cultural heritage conservation in Taipei Old City mainly comes from “absence from inner public sphere” and “invasion of outer public sphere”, and these both factors make the cultural heritage in the old city be the “the war field of political wrestle” and cause the “distortion in collective memory“ in public. In conclusion, this study presents the reason for unsuccessful development on public sphere as following: public sector’s hard intervention results the third sectors (Community Development Association) in decline and makes the public lack of civil subjectivity. Hence, it should put emphasis on both “construction of space” and “developing control” .The next step in future is to establish “connecting network” to set up the local civil public sphere as the power of cultural heritage conservation in the old city.

並列關鍵字

Taipei Old City ； Conservation ； Public Sphere

參考文獻

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