中國區域生產力差異之研究-從聚集經濟之觀點

The Regional Productivity Disparities In China：From The Perspective of Agglomeration Economy

宋雨儒(Yu-Ju Sung)

指導教授 ： 王千岳

國立臺北大學/公共事務學院/都市計劃研究所/碩士(2016年)

摘要

為探討中國區域生產力不均的現象，本研究將從聚集經濟的觀點，驗證經濟活動於地理空間的聚集程度是否會影響區域生產力，並且導致區域生產力的差異。因此將分析中國273個城市在2004年至2013年間的資料，運用Ciccone and Hall (1996)和Ciccone (2002)的理論模型進行實證，估計就業密度對於生產力的影響。
首先，我們運用橫斷面的空間迴歸模型分析，發現2004年至2013年的就業密度對於生產力的彈性為0.2735至0.3755,表示當就業密度增加一倍時，生產力會提高27.35%至37.55%。第二個則運用縱橫資料模型進行實證，並且加入工具變數以解決內生性的問題。結果顯示，就業密度對於生產力的彈性為0.2607表示當就業密度增加一倍時，生產力會提高26.07%。
實證結果都呈現出顯著的聚集效果，並且發現生產力在空間中的差異有很大的一部分是由於就業密度在各地區的差異所引起的。

關鍵字

就業密度 ； 區域差異 ； 生產力 ； 聚集經濟

並列摘要

This research aims to explore the regional productivity disparities of China. Agglomeration economy is the main point of view of this paper. We attempt to verify whether the agglomeration of economic activities across space affects productivity, Our study is based on a panel dataset of 273 cities in China from 2004 to 2013, and estimates the elasticity of productivity with respect to employment density. The theoretical model considered in this research was firstly initiated by Ciccone and Hall (1996) and Ciccone (2002).
Our empirical results are shortly abstracted as follows:
First, we use a cross-sectional spatial regression model to find out that the estimated elasticity of productivity with the respect to employment density is 0.2735 to 0.3755 (form 2004 to 2013), indicating that when the employment density doubles, productivity will increase 27.35 to 37.55 percent.
Seconds, we use a panel data model with the consideration of instrumental variables to treat the problem of endogeneity. The result shows that the elasticity of productivity with the respect to employment density is 0.2607, implying that doubling the employment density in a city increases productivity by 26.07 percent.
All of the empirical results confirm the significance of the agglomeration effects, and hence, the regional disparity of productivity can be explained by the variation of employment density.

並列關鍵字

Employment density ； Regional disparities ； Productivity ； Agglomeration

參考文獻

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