北部臺灣文昌祠之研究

A Study on Wen-Chang Temples in North Taiwan

黃琮禾(Tsung-Ho Huang)

指導教授 ： 張勝彥

國立臺北大學/人文學院/民俗藝術研究所/碩士(2008年)

摘要

本論文是著眼於北部臺灣地區的文昌祠（廟），探討及研究與其相關之課題。主要是針對其歷史來源、建築樣貌及其中裝飾器物的分析、主祀及配祀神像造型、文昌祠之祭祀與社區角色。目的以各個不同面向來分析研究文昌祠這類建築及祭祀方面在北臺灣呈現出的地區特色。

本研究範圍聚焦於「北部臺灣」，這範圍約是清代臺灣北路「臺北府」所轄區域，並參酌增加日治時期的「新竹州」範圍所轄的苗栗市。以現今行政區劃分即是宜蘭、基隆、臺北、桃園、新竹及苗栗等十一縣市內的十三座文昌祠。這一個區域內的文昌祠建立的時間不一，在建築風格及特色也大異其趣。

首先，論及文昌帝君信仰在中國的起源，及在臺灣的起源與分布情形作一描述。其次是說明北部臺灣各文昌祠的在文獻資料上的記載，並敘述其廟宇沿革，了解各地區信眾創建文昌祠的沿革及其與現代人關係。其後，對各文昌祠內的建築裝飾與器物，例如匾聯、惜字亭等做調查整理，加以比較分類。透過田野記錄文昌祠內的神像所呈現的形貌，文昌祠內外部的裝飾器物藝術及書寫匾額門聯內涵，而後進入探討北部臺灣文昌祠發生的祭祀活動及其祭拜方式。最後，呈現北部臺灣文昌祠在現今社會扮演的公益及文化角色，並以空間的利用、社會的救助及文化的推動三方面來探討。

從實地參與觀察的方式，研究北部臺灣文昌祠建築與祭祀活動，來分析這些文昌祠帶給現代民眾的意義與價值。最後在結論中，提出筆者的看法與建議，並對未來文昌祠研究提出建議。

關鍵字

文昌帝君 ； 文昌祠 ； 傳統建築 ； 祭祀活動。

並列摘要

The present paper is focuses on the north Taiwan area Wen-Chang ancestralhall(temple), discussion and research and its related topic. Mainly aims at its history to originate, the construction appearance and decorates utensil's analysis, the host to offer sacrifice and to match worships the gods likely the modelling, sacrificial offering and the community role the Wen-Chang ancestral hall. The goal by each faces analytical study Wen-Chang ancestral hall this kind of building and the sacrificial offering aspect differently the local characteristic which presents in the northern Taiwan.

This range of study focuses in “North Taiwan”, this scope is approximately the Cing Dynasty Taiwan north road “the Taipei government office” governs the region, and deliberates increases Japan to govern Miaoli which the time “the Hsinchu state” the scope governs. By the nowadays administrative area division is Yilan, Jilong, Taibei, the peach garden, Hsinchu and Miaoli and so on 11 county local 13 Wen-Chang ancestral hall. In this region's Wen-Chang ancestral hall establishment's time varies, in architectural style and characteristic also greatly different its interest.

First, concerns the god of literature belief in China's origin, and makes a description in Taiwan's origin and the distribution situation. Next is explained that the northern Taiwan each Wen-Chang ancestral hall in the literature material's record, and narrates its temple evolution, understood that various local letter audiences found the Wen-Chang ancestral hall the evolution and relate with the modern people. After that to in each Wen-Chang ancestral hall's construction decoration and the utensil, for example the plaque unites, pities the character pavilion and so on to make the investigation to reorganize, performs quite to classify. Records the appearance by the field which in the Wen-Chang ancestral hall the idol presents, Wen-Chang ancestral hall internal and external's decoration utensil art and the written inscribed horizontal tablet couplets on door connotation, then enters discusses the sacrificial offering activity which the northern Taiwan Wen-Chang ancestral hall occurs and worships the way. Finally, presents northern Taiwan Wen-Chang ancestral hall the public welfare and the cultural role which acts in the nowadays society, and by the spatial use, society's rescue and the cultural impetus three aspects discusses.

Participates in the observation truthfully the way, studies the northern Taiwan Wen-Chang ancestral hall construction and the sacrificial offering activity, analyzes these Wen-Chang ancestral hall to take to the modern populace's significance and the value. Finally in the conclusion, proposed that author's view and the suggestion, and will put forward the proposal to the future Wen-Chang ancestral hall research.

並列關鍵字

God of literature ； Wenchang ancestral hall ； traditional construction ； sacrificial offering activity

參考文獻

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張勝彥：〈清代臺灣書院制度初探〉（下）《食貨雜誌》6卷5期，頁144-154。

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