本研究以2004年「台灣社會變遷基本調查計畫之研究問卷 I公民權組」為資料來源,利用機率模型(Probit Model)與序列機率模型(Ordered Probit Model)去探討個人之社會流動性認知與對抗行為之間的關係。 過去有關社會流動性與對抗行為之間的研究,多以客觀角度去衡量兩者之間的關係,但現實生活中影響個人是否產生對抗行為,個人主觀價值仍是最主要的決定因素,因此利用個人之社會流動性認知去評估與對抗行為之間的關係,或許更能貼近真實情形。 從社會流動性認知的角度衡量,可以反應出一個人對於社會公平與否的偏好程度、突顯市場機制是否健全,以及民眾對於政府施政的滿意度。個人對於社會流動性高低的認知,與對抗行為之間常有顯著性的關係,當個人認為社會流動性愈高時,愈會去遵守現行制度,以自身的努力去提高獲分配的資源,對於從事犯罪者會視為自願性犯罪,傾向給予嚴厲的刑罰,反之當人們認為社會流動性很低,人們只能經由從事制度以外的活動,來提升自身所能獲得的利益,此時的犯罪多被視為非自願性犯罪,國家應先專注於如何提升分配面的公平,非訂定嚴厲的罰則。
By using data from the 2004 Taiwan Social Change Survey (TSCS), this study investigates the relationship between perceived social mobility and attitude toward rebellions. A large body of literature indicates that numerous rebellious behaviors intending to change the existing social and political institutions are stemming from the inadequacy of social mobility. However, the degree of social mobility is strongly related to a set of variables reflecting the distributive system of economic interests for the whole society. These variables usually include the opportunities of education, social class, family background, and tax and social welfare systems as a life chance offered for an individual. This study constructs a variable reflecting the main determinants for the success of a person as the measure of social mobility subjectively perceived by an individual to examine its relationship with the attitude toward rebellions. The findings from this study show that the perceived social mobility is negatively associated with the attitude toward rebellious behaviors such as tax evasion and incompliance with government policies. Key words: Social Mobility, Rebellion, Inequality.
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