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公寓大廈集體消費訴訟之團體訴訟研究—兼論公寓大廈管理組織之角色

An Analysis on Group Litigation of Condominium Collective Consumer Litigation- the Role of Condominium Management Organization

指導教授 : 曾明遜
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摘要


摘要 公寓大廈之建物型態在都市高密度發展情況下,儼然成為我國都市地區中重要之居住型態,全體住戶皆受到公寓大廈團體關係之拘束。從而,當公寓大廈集體消費紛爭發生,其影響範圍將及於大多數住戶。而團體訴訟制度即為一解決多數人紛爭之方式,以不具共同利益之公益法人團體為訴訟當事人,平衡消費者與企業之能力不平等,達成紛爭解決一次性目的,其應用於公寓大廈集體消費紛爭之實務現況,以及同樣具有團體組織性質之公寓大廈管理組織,可否同樣提起團體訴訟,又可扮演何種角色,值得思考。 本研究以法律經濟分析觀點切入,加以檢討現行團體訴訟運用於公寓大廈消費紛爭之現況,探討其中團體訴訟制度之效率目的,以交易成本最小化為基礎建構團體訴訟新制度:區分所有權人團體得為團體訴訟,從集體困境解決對策檢視公寓大廈管理組織如何發揮作用。研究發現,團體訴訟制度實務現況之應用程度低,得為團體訴訟之潛在適格團體不足問題,落入公寓大廈集體消費訴訟之集體行動困境,而在現行法律規範體系下,公寓大廈管理組織尚不得為團體訴訟。為改善潛在適格團體不足問題,以立法方式令區分所有權人團體得為團體訴訟,其制度變動之交易成本較其他方式小,且得為團體訴訟後之新制度較符合訴訟經濟之原則。並且在新制度下,公寓大廈管理組織在區分所有權人集體爭取權利實現及紛爭解決過程中,區分所有權人團體可扮演主動解決紛爭之角色,而管理委員會則為負責協調、凝聚共識之角色。 經由前述團體訴訟之制度檢討,並融合管理組織之作用,以提出更具效率性的制度建議:在整體欠缺公益社團法人之運用與符合資格之消保團體能力有限的情形下,適度開放得提起團體訴訟之團體限制,於公寓大廈集體消費紛爭中,以立法方式建構區分所有權人團體之團體訴訟方式,即於公寓大廈管理條例訂定多數具有共同利益之區分所有權人得選定所屬區分所有權人團體為選定人起訴,則為一解決對策。從而,公寓大廈內團體關係則亟需更加明確,應明定全體區分所有權人組成區分所有權人團體,及其法律性質,並確立區分所有權人會議為團體意思機構及管理委員會或管理負責人為執行機構之角色,以及增訂區分所有權人團體為法人設立之法律依據,完善化公寓大廈管理組織規範體系並應用團體訴訟制度,解決公寓大廈集體消費紛爭。

並列摘要


Abstract In building high-density development patterns in urban situations, apartment buildings has become an important living patterns in urban areas, all households are restricted by groups relationship. Thus, when the collective consumer disputes occur in apartment building, will impact most of households. The group litigation shall be a legal system to resolve disputes by way of the majority to have no common public interest legal groups to litigants, and balance the inequality between consumers and businesses. In pursuit of distinction between the rights owner to achieve with the disputes resolution process, the condominium management organizations, whether can also take group litigation or not, but also what role to play in considering Condominium, is worthy to think. In this study, the economic analysis of law point of view, review the existing body suit used in consumer disputes of the system in apartment building, the efficiency of apartment buildings of the collective consumer disputes in the group litigation purposes, in order to minimize the transaction costs based on building groups may condominium new system for group litigation, using collective predicament solutions to view an apartment building management role. Study found that the group litigation was the shortage of qualified organizations. Action to improve the organization of groups of qualified enough to distinguish between owner groups may, for group litigation, changes in its system than other small transaction costs, and litigation was for the group after the new system more in line with economic litigation. And under the new system, apartment building management organizations in the distinction between the collective fight for the realization of rights owners and the dispute settlement process, the owner groups can play an active role in settling disputes, and the commission is responsible for coordination and consensus. Group litigation system by the above review and integration of the role of management organizations to make more efficient the system of recommendations: the overall lack of public association legal of use and qualified consumer protection groups lack to service the suit cases, that opening up group litigation group restrictions in apartment buildings in the collective consumer disputes. Constructing legislation condominium owner group to do group litigation is a solution for the former problem.

參考文獻


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被引用紀錄


曾彥瑋(2011)。不動產不實廣告之舉證責任研究-以民事判決為中心〔碩士論文,國立臺北大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0023-2408201120344700

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