我國人民對政府重分配政策之偏好

The Determinants of the Preference for Redistribution Policy

何智翔(Jhih-Siang He)

指導教授 ： 林翠芳

國立臺北大學/公共事務學院/財政學系/碩士(2010年)

摘要

根據97年度家庭收支調查報告的資料，我國近年來的貧富差距有逐漸擴大的趨勢，因此，如何改善貧富差距，就成為近年來政府施政的重要目標。我國政府透過累進稅率及各種社會安全制度來進行所得重分配。選民對重分配政策之偏好會影響政府執行何種所得重分配政策，故本文的目標為探討人民對重分配政策偏好之影響因素。

本文以「2006年台灣社會變遷調查」與「2007年台灣社會變遷調查」的資料為樣本，利用Probit & Ordered Probit Model分析個人特質、風險態度、努力與環境認知對重分配政策偏好的影響。實證結果發現，在風險態度方面，個人在面對不確定性時，會增加對重分配政策的需求。在努力與環境認知方面，當個人認為努力程度是決定財富的重要因素，會比較不偏好重分配政策；當個人認為貧富差距有擴大的趨勢，會增加對重分配政策的需求；若個人認為家庭經濟狀況變好，則會比較反對政府執行重分配政策。從個人特質的角度來看，個人的性別、年齡、婚姻狀態、就業狀況、教育程度與所得等亦是影響人民是否支持重分配政策之重要因素。

關鍵字

重分配政策 ； 風險態度 ； 努力認知

並列摘要

According to the 2008 Survey of Family Income and Expenditure, the income gap between the rich and the poor has been increasing in recent years. Therefore, how to reduce the income gap has become an important policy. In general, the government uses progressive tax and social security programs to redistribute income and improve inequality. The purpose of this study is to examine the determinants of people’s preference for redistribution policies, using the 2006 and 2007 Taiwan Social Change Surveys (TSCS).

From probit and ordered probit estimation results, we find that individuals will increase their demand for redistribution policies when they face uncertainty. Also, those who believe that wealth and poverty are caused by effort level show less support for redistribution policies. Moreover, people are more likely to support redistribution policies if they believe the society has become more unequal. Lastly, those who believe that their family income status has improved are significantly less supportive of redistribution policies. The findings of this study suggest that individual characteristics play an important role in demand for redistribution policies.

並列關鍵字

redistribution policy ； risk attitude ； perception of effort

參考文獻

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