生質能是一種利用生質物將其轉換以獲得電與熱等可應用的能源,生質能是一種再生能源,與風能、太陽能一樣具有取之不盡、用之不竭的特性。而使用於柴油引擎的再生能源替代燃料,以生質柴油最值得研究與發展,可單獨或與化石柴油混合供為柴油引擎車輛使用,不必變更任何引擎設計,而烷化油則為另外一種再生能源,其原料可由甲烷或CO及H2經Fischer-Tropsch製程轉換而得,油料幾乎都是烷屬烴,具有高十六烷值及燃燒完全的優點,從環境保護及能源應用上來看,烷化生質柴油的推廣將會越來越受重視。 本研究以五顆相同型式全新之柴油引擎,分別試驗五種不同燃料,分別為傳統低硫柴油(D100)、100%純棕櫚油之生質油料(B100)、80%超級柴油摻入20%生質油料(B20)、5%生質油料與95%烷化油(BA9505)、20%生質油料與80%烷化油(BA8020),評估上述油料在引擎動力計300小時耐久測試後,對引擎性能、耐久、油耗、污染、噪音之影響。 實驗結果顯示,經引擎耐久測試可知使用生質柴油於引擎性能之最大馬力轉速、最大扭力轉速、油耗皆與石化柴油表現情形類似,使用生質柴油確實可改善柴油車之排廢氣,且生質柴油的使用不會增加引擎噪音,長時間運轉對黑煙排放與石化柴油特性亦極類似;由機油分析知長期使用生質柴油對機油品質並未發現明顯負面作用,從經濟性、油品物化性、耗油量、引擎性能及降低污染排放等最佳化評估,得知5%生質油料與95%烷化油(BA9505)、20%生質油料與80%烷化油(BA8020)比例較適合實車應用。
Bio-mass energy is one type of energy, which can be used to produce electricity and heat. Bio-mass energy is renewable just like wind power, solar or other such energy. In all alternative energy, bio-diesel is the one worthy of further research and development. Not only can it reduce the air pollution and greenhouse effect, but also directly supply to diesel vehicles without changing the engine design. Alkylated biodiesel is another type of renewable energy. It could be made from the frams formation of methane or CO with H2 through Fischer-Tropsch procedure and almost all of the fuel are alkanes type with the advantage of high cetane number and complete combustion. Biodiesel will be more and more popular in environmental protection and energy application. The research uses 5 brand new same type diesel engines with 5 different types of fuel, that are traditional low sulfur diesel fuel (D100) , 100% POME (Pure Palm Oil Methyl Ester, B100) , 80% D100 blending with 20% PME (B20) , 5% POME with 95% alkylated bio-diesel (BA9505), and 20% POME with 80% alkylated bio-diesel (BA8020) . We performed 300 hours of engine endurance test to measure engine performance, engine endurance, fuel economy exhaust, pollution and noise. The test results that the performance including maximum power, maximum torque and fuel economy of the biodiesels is similar to the traditional diesel fuel. However, using bio-diesel can actually reduce exhaust emissions and doesn’t increase engine noise. Even for over extended period of time, the exhaust emissions are quite similar to the traditiona diesel fuel. From used engine oil analysis, we out there is no negative effect on engine oil performance when using bio-diesel for a long period of time. From the result of the optimized evaluation for economy, fuel properties, fuel consumption, engine performance and emissions reduction , we can tell that 5% POME with 95% alkylated biodiesel (BA9505) and 20% POME with 80% alkylated biodiesel (BA8020) are the most suitable for diesel vehicles.
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