以模糊積分與資訊理論法衡量新產品開發彈性

自1980年代開始，在許多科技與創新管理相關文獻中，新產品開發已被認為是競爭優勢的重要來源，然而在開發的過程中可能面臨環境廣泛的變化，調適與因應之能力在新產品開發之展現，其重要性不言可喻。新產品開發彈性從過去發展至近年之研究指出，彈性已從多維度之觀念，包含成本、時間與範圍等，擴展至多屬性之概念，如效率與多樣性，以定義機器彈性之衡量方法。因此，本研究運用灰關聯結合模糊積分所具有的特性計算效率值，加上資訊理論計算彈性之能力，運用問卷調查整合本研究之新產品開發彈性所建立之衡量模式，進行效率值與彈性值之計算，以得知本研究調查對象之新產品開發彈性程度。在運用一般多準則決策時，常須假設構面具有獨立性與可加性，但現實情況多非如此單純，因此本研究先以灰關聯之效果測度分析問卷回收之資料，再利用模糊測度僅需要求之單調性，與不需假設可加性與獨立性之模糊積分，結合模糊層級分析法的「權重值」，來求得最接近真實情況的新產品開發彈性績效衡量指標（效率值），並應用資訊理論針對每一種新產品彈性屬性建立衡量模式。本研究結合兩種方法去衡量新產品彈性，以評估A電子股份有限公司之電源供應器新產品開發計畫之在新產品開發彈性展現之成效，俾供其它企業作為重要績效之參考指標之一。

關鍵字

模糊測度；灰關聯；模糊積分；模糊層級分析法；資訊理論；新產品開發彈性

並列摘要

The new production development has been deemed as a critical source of the competitive advantages in terms of the literature relating to technologies and innovative management since the 1980s; moreover, the broad circumstantial changes in the developmental process make the competence of accommodation and reaction inevitably important. According to the previous studies, the new production development flexibility has altered from the multi-dimensional ideas like cost, time and scope to the multi-attributive ideas like efficiency and diversity for the flexibility measurement of machines. Thus, via the efficiency value computed by the combined features of gray relationships and fuzzy integral and the flexibility computed by the information theory, this study integrates the measurement mode built by the new production development flexibility in this study through the questionnaires and calculates the computation of the efficiency value and flexibility value so as to realize the degree of the new production development flexibility of the subject in this study. It is necessary to hypothesize the factors’ independence and additivity to employ the multi-criteria decision making; nonetheless, it is too complex to apply the preceding rule to the reality. Hence, the retrieved data of the questionnaires are analyzed by the effect measure of gray relationships; afterwards, the efficiency value i.e. the measure indicator of the new production development flexibility performance is obtained through the monotonicity of fuzzy measure and the fuzzy integral needless the hypothesis of additivity and independence integrating the weights of fuzzy analytic hierarchy process. Meanwhile, the mode of measurement is built under the new products’ flexibility attributes via applying the information theory. The preceding two methods are integrated to measure the new production development flexibility to assess the effect of the new product of power supply developed by A Electronics Inc. in the project of the new production development flexibility as the referencing indicator of key performance to other businesses.

並列關鍵字

Flexibility measurement ； Gray Relationships ； Fuzzy Integral ； Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process ； Information Theory ； New Production Development Flexibility